Bioinformatics application in diagnosis of cancer

Amirreza Entezari,1,* Reza dehghan,2

1. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
2. Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction

Bioinformatics is the knowledge of bioinformatics management that emerged in the late 20th century as the development of informatics knowledge developed. bioinformatics is mainly composed of two fields or disciplines; one is computer and information technology as a tool for analyzing massive data such as genome and proteome, and the other one is research for the integrated biology based on the knowledge of genome.

Methods

The following is the result of research in the field of bioinformatics and cancer diagnosis using pubmed, scopus and web of science data bases.

Results

Using this knowledge, medical researchers can store and process a large amount of information at a very short time. today, researchers use bioinformatics tools to transcribe and express genes, differences in the expression of different genes, the study of amino acids and low weight protein molecules, genomic sequencing prediction, the identification of genotypes that are susceptible to cancer and determine the correspondences in examining different genomes. understanding the differences in the expression of genes makes it possible to study the intracellular pathways that change when cancer develops; this, along with other bioinformatics applications, the measurement of small amounts of protein in the serum of patients, accelerates the process identification of patients with cancer, which itself has led to an improvement in the percentage of recovery among cancer patients. other advances after recognizing the differences in gene expression, the change in treatments has led to the use of specific molecules marked on the host body, which has been accompanied by a reduction in side effects to todays conventional methods. despite these advances, it is still not possible to say that these methods have completely succeeded in replacing the current methods in the treatment of cancer. microarray is another technology developed in the context of bioinformatics knowledge; it has facilitated genomic and proteomic investigations in cancer tumors. the application of this technology to identify the causes of change in the expression of genes, the determination of genomic content of living organisms and their comparison with each other, as well as the identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that are effective in estimating the occurrence of mutations in germ cells. ncbi is one of the best scientific and genealogy databases in the field of genetic information and molecular biology that provides access to enormous genetic information as well as advanced tools for comparing genomic sequencing and sequencing of subsequent generations of the genome. over the past three decades, studies using bioinformatics have improved the understanding of pathophysiological cancer. using these tools has not only contributed to advances in diagnostic and prognostic methods, but also plays an important role in the development of drugs; clinical and pre-clinical. currently, diagnostic and therapeutic methods based on bioinformatics have been used in cancers such as prostate, breast, cervix and endocrine, and its scope is increasing day by day.

Conclusion

Bioinformatics now covers a wide range of fields of study; including: design database storage and data processing bio-accumulate genome, adjust the structure of the protein predicted secondary structures and tertiary analysis of the amino acids in the structure of the gene, measurement of molecular weight proteins, protein identification of candidate vaccines. bioinformatics analysis mainly focuses on the study of macromolecular structures and genome sequences and the analysis of the results of genomic data. finally, bioinformatics is now a practical knowledge that can play an important role in controlling and improving disease-causing illnesses in the world today.

Keywords

Bioinformatics , cancer