Alzheimer's treatment with stem cells
Hamidreza Raeespour,
1,* Nafise taromi,
2 Sonia daraei,
3 Mahdokht forouzan moheb,
4 Mohamadhasan karimi,
5 Fatemeh mirzaei,
6
1. Gene Pajoohane Ebne Sina genetic research Laboratory
2. Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Iran University
3. Gene Pajoohane Ebne Sina genetic research Laboratory
4. Gene Pajoohane Ebne Sina genetic research Laboratory
5. Islamic Azad University Tonekabon Branch
6. Gene Pajoohane Ebne Sina genetic research Laboratory
Abstract
Introduction
Alzheimer's disease (ad) is a progressive and neurodegenerative disorder that induces dementia in older people. alzheimer's was first discovered in 1907 by alois alzheime. our focus is on the treatment of ad by stem cells.
familial ad presents mainly as the mutation of three genes: the amyloid precursor protein (app), presenilin-1 (ps-1) and presenilin-2. pathologic characteristics of ad are β-amyloid (aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (nft) and neurodegeneration. aβ peptide is the main constituent of senile plaques, and aβ fibrils from pores in neurons have been shown to lead to calcium influx and neuronal death. decreasing amyloid deposits and the use of antioxidant therapies have been shown to have ability of ad progression alleviation. in recent years, cell therapy has provided new therapies for treating it. our focus is on the treatment of ad by stem cells.
Methods
1- we performed a search in pubmed with the following mesh terms: alzheimer’s disease, stem cell therapy, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration
2- the search was narrowed to original articles published in english.
3- we restrict our research to major journal in the field of stem cell research
Results
Esc-derived npcs (neuron progenitor cells) were transplanted into an aβ-injured rat model and the escape latency was significantly increased compared to phosphate buffered saline (pbs)-treated controls 2 weeks after the aβ injection. the morris water maze test was performed 16 weeks after transplantation, at which time the escape latency was found to have significantly decreased when compared to controls. moreover, esc-derived npcs have been reported to be able to differentiate into astrocytic and neuron-like cells in vivo. these results suggested that esc-derived npcs ameliorated memory impairment. although escs result in teratoma formation, it has been shown that esc-derived npcs can treat neurodegenerative diseases.
Conclusion
Aging is the most important cause of ad. for the most part, pharmacological interventions are aimed at relieving the symptoms of ad, but stem cell therapy not only has the potential to generate new neurons and replace damaged neurons but also to modulate the immune system with further clarification of the mechanisms by which ad progresses, stem cell therapies may well prove to be both safe and effective treatments. in time, more advanced stem cell therapies hold the potential for the clinical treatment of this debilitating disease.
Keywords
Alzheimer’s disease, stem cell therapy, oxidative stress, neurodegeneration
