The effect of zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from the hyssopus officinalis extract on the heart and troponin

Ghasem Rahimi,1 Ehsan karimi,2,*

1. islamic azad university of mashhad
2. islamic azad university of mashhad

Abstract

Introduction

In recent years, great attempts have been made to produce nanoparticles because of their specific optical, chemical, electrical and photoelectric properties, which confirmed the various uses of these materials in the fields of catalysts, optics, biomedicine, mechanics(1) . zinc is a rare element in the body and is used as a food supplement. since zinc is present in many foods, researchers believed that zinc oxide nanoparticles (zno) have also low toxic effects in body. various studies have been conducted on the toxicity of zno, which have shown that the toxicity of zno nanoparticles is depend on factors related to the release of metal cations (2) . formation of zinc oxide nanoparticles have performed using both chemical and green methods, which the green methods, that are very common today, are completely safe compared to chemical methods (3).

Methods

In this research, 20 male white balb/c mice, 25-30 g purchased from razi vaccine and serum research institute, mashhad, iran. the animals were kept in special cages under controlled conditions (temperature of 22 ° c and relative humidity 60 ± 10%, 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness) with easy access to water and food. the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 5). group 1 was considered as a control group (without treatment). groups 2, 3 and 4 were administrated by doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg, respectively. 1 ml of suspension of zno nanoparticles were given orally by gavage. each mouse has received doses until 20th day every 24 hours. ultimately, the mice were anesthetized by the ether blood samples were taken from the right atrium of the heart, then blood troponin was tested by elfa (enzyme-linked fluorescence assay) technique. each heart tissue was carefully separated from the body, washed by distilled water and after weighing fixed in 10% formalin for future histopathological examination. after processing each heart tissue the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (h&e staining). observations was performed under microscope and images were taken. then, the pathologist was assigned to identify the desired tissue properties.

Results

Results have shown that by increasing the concentration of zno nanoparticles, the size of the heart was increased comparing to the control group. in addition, the darkness of the heart tissue treated with 300 mg/kg zno nanoparticles is more than the control sample. considering the molecular basis of muscle contraction which is results of shortening the sarcomers due to the mixing and displacement of the proteins present in the myofilaments; by increasing the concentration of zno nanoparticles, we noticed changes in the form of focal and situational of muscle tissues. in the sample treated with 300 mg/kg, changes in the sarcoma series and the onset of necrosis and hyperemia were observed. the results of troponin test were negative all samples. it is believed that in the treatment with higher concentrations and in a longer period of time, the troponin is turned into a positive state, which ultimately indicates the presence of troponin which results in heart infarction.

Conclusion

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of zno nanoparticles synthesized by the green method from h. officinalis extract on heart tissue and troponin. in the treated mice, zno nanoparticles caused a change in histopathology of the heart tissue within 20 days. in addition, these changes increased with increasing concentration zno nanoparticles, which greatest effects was observed at a concentration of 300 mg/kg resulted in tissue necrosis and pericarpic phenomena. however, negative results were obtained in the troponin test. it is likely that with increasing treatment time and increasing the concentration, they will show a stronger form in the form of an infarction. more investigato on toxic results of zno nanoprticles should be perfomed in order to determine the mollecular basis lays behind diagnostic and therapeutic application of zno nanoparticles.

Keywords

Zinc oxide nanoparticles; hyssopus officinalis plant; balb/c mice; troponin.