A review on Coronavirus

A review on Coronavirus
Amirhossein Hamedfar,¹ Fatemeh sheykhkanlu Milan,² Afshin Zakeri,^3,*
1. Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Azad University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2. Department of Food Hygiene and Aquatic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
3. Department of Human resource, Food and animal science, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1995 east-west Rd, AgSci, Honolulu,Hl 96822, USA
Introduction: Today, the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused a pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. Coronaviruses are large, coated viruses that contain RNA. Human coronaviruses cause the common cold. They may cause lower respiratory tract infections and are involved in pediatric gastroenteritis. New coronaviruses have been identified as the cause of Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). In domestic animals, animal coronaviruses can cause economically significant diseases, and in lower animals, they could cause persistent infections. Coronaviruses are difficult to culture and therefore their characteristics are not well understood. In 2003, the outbreak of the SARS became a severe respiratory illness with progressive pneumonia and respiratory failure. The virus was also found in other organs such as the kidneys, liver, small intestine, and feces. The SARS virus probably originated from non-human sources such as bats, which multiplied and transmitted to humans in wet shops. In rural areas of southern China, where the pandemic began, humans, pigs, and domestic chickens are living side by side, people hunting wild species for food and traditional medicine and this might cause the new viral strain. COVID-19, also known as Acute Respiratory Disease Cone-2019, is an infectious disease caused by acute coronavirus syndrome (SARS-COV-2). Common symptoms are fever, cough, shortness of breath, and, more recently, numbness. Mortality rates are estimated at between 1% and 5% but vary with age and other health conditions. Animals sold for food are thought to be the source or mediator of the virus because many of the people who were infected at first were workers in the Hovanna seafood market.
Methods: Using keywords: virus, coronavirus, COVID-19, etc. Browsing related articles, journals, and books to gather information about astroviruses, including the extent of the damage, the prevalence of the disease.
Results: In adults, human coronaviruses usually cause a fever-free cold. The incubation period of this disease is about 2-5 days and the symptoms usually last about a week. SARS-CoV causes severe respiratory illness. The incubation period of the disease is 6 days. Common early symptoms include fever, restlessness, chills, headache, dizziness, cough, and sore throat, followed by shortness of breath a few days later. MERS-COV causes mild to severe respiratory disease in children and adults. Patients with more severe illnesses are affected, as is the case in the elderly. The incubation period is 12-13 days, in some cases, the disease is long and leads to pneumonia and death.
Conclusion: There is no approved treatment or vaccine for the COVID-19 infection. Protease inhibitors are effective in treating human immunodeficiency virus infections (such as Lopinavir) in vitro against the SARS. The SARS vaccines have being to develop. Effective control measures to curb the spread of SARS include: isolating patients, quarantining people who have been in contact with infected people, restricting travel, and the use of gloves, goggles, and respirators by health care workers.
Keywords: Virus, Coronavirus, COVID-19.