Impact of Single‑Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs1143627 of IL‑1β Genes on the Occurrence, Severity and Treatment Efectiveness of the Major Depressive Disorder

Impact of Single‑Nucleotide Polymorphisms rs1143627 of IL‑1β Genes on the Occurrence, Severity and Treatment Efectiveness of the Major Depressive Disorder
Tahereh Haghzad,^1,*
1. Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Guilan university
Introduction: Depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical/monopolar depression, affects more than 264 million people worldwide. This disease is considered to be the most common psychiatric/psychological disorder and is characterized by complex and very diverse physical, mental, and behavioral symptoms in individuals (especially for adults and the elderly). Despite the importance of the issue, the pathogenesis of depression is not fully understood. However, there is growing evidence that immunodeficiency and impaired immune regulation are associated with the pathophysiology of MDD. Inflammatory biomarkers of peripheral blood, including inflammatory cytokines, have been shown to increase in patients with major depression. The association of inflammation with major depressive disorder has been a valid hypothesis for more than a decade. In this study, we investigate the effect of rs1143627 single nucleotide polymorphism of interleukin-1 beta gene on the incidence, severity and effectiveness of major depressive disorder.
Methods: Find documents related to writing a review article in Google and Yahoo databases using the keywords MDD, Major Depressive Disorder, SNP, Single, Nucleotide Polymorphism, Interleukin, and interleukin-1 beta. The PubMed database was created and searched using medical subject headings. To select the documents used, the titles found by the search engine were first examined in terms of thematic relevance. After reviewing the aggression, the articles were evaluated in the next step in terms of the relationship between the abstract and the intended purpose. The selected cases were thoroughly studied and finalized.
Results: Inflammation, stress, and depression are closely linked. Evidence suggests that interleukin-mediated communication pathways between the immune system and the brain are involved in the pathogenesis of MDD. Of the many interleukins, IL-1β is one of the most studied in relation to MDD. In clinical and animal studies, the essential role of IL-1β in MDD and the performance of antidepressants have been reported. Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), a member of the interleukin-1 family, is a potent proinflammatory cytokine and plays an important role in several inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IL-1β is mainly produced by blood monocytes and tissue macrophages (Charles A Dinarello, 1988). In humans, IL-1β is located on chromosome 2q14 and is expressed by several genetic polymorphisms in its regulatory region. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1799964 is located in the promoter region. In a 2012 study, its T / C and C / C genotypes were associated with decreased serum TNF-α levels. This study also reported a higher expression of the T allele gene compared to the C allele. Another study showed that the risk of depression was reduced in cases with the T / C-C / T genotype from rs1799964 - rs1143627, with rs1143627 in the TATA box motif in the promoter area. For the first time, a study in 2020 examined the relationship between rs1143627 or rs17561 and MDD, in which the combined G / G - C / C genotype of rs1800629 - rs1143627 was identified to reduce the risk of depression. Evidence suggests that mental disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD), can be thought of as inflammatory neurological disorders. An increased inflammatory response to stress or oxidative stress may cause microglia and lead to a significant increase in IL-1β levels. SNP genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines may affect the risk and treatment of depression.
Conclusion: Cognitive impairment has long challenged patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), and interleukins and inflammation have recently been shown to play a role in cognitive function. However, limited studies have evaluated their association with cognitive impairment in MDD. Examining the effect of studied SNPs on the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy suggests that there is a link between the presence of SNPs and the effectiveness of antidepressant therapy, in the hope that one-day immunosuppressive therapy will replace existing antidepressant or psychiatric medications.
Keywords: MDD, Major Depressive Disorder, SNP, Single Nucleotide Polymorphism, Interleukin