prevent the birth of people with Down syndrome

prevent the birth of people with Down syndrome
fatemeh kharratnezhad,^1,*
1. Dezful Azad University
Introduction: Down syndrome is a genetic condition caused by an extra copy of genetic material from a complete or even partial chromosome 21. Down syndrome is not a disease but a set of features that result from this change. This extra chromosome can affect a person's body, intelligence, overall growth, and increase the risk of some health problems. Each cell in the body contains genes that are located in the nucleus of a cell in the form of a chromosome. There are 46 chromosomes in each cell, 23 of which are inherited from the father and 23 from the mother. When some or all of a person's cells contain an extra copy of chromosome 21, Down syndrome develops. People with Down syndrome have upward-pointing eyes with diagonal seams, skin folds in the inner corners and white spots on the iris, low muscle tone, short stature and neck, smooth bridge of the nose, single and deep lines in the middle of the palm, The tongue protrudes from the mouth, there is a large space between the big toe and the second toe and the curvature of the fifth toe inside. Symptoms of Down syndrome include growth retardation; Children with the syndrome often reach significant stages of development after the same age. They may open their mouths late and need speech therapy. In these children, fine motor skills may be delayed, they may need some time to acquire major motor skills, and they may have difficulty concentrating and paying attention. A child with Down syndrome averages; She is 11 months old At 17 months, he has four limbs She is 26 months old About half of children with this syndrome have congenital heart defects and have respiratory problems, hearing problems, Alzheimer's disease, childhood leukemia, epilepsy, and thyroid disorders. Women whose children are more likely to develop the syndrome are screened, and women between the ages of 30 and 35 are screened during pregnancy. Screening tests include: Nuchal translucency testing Triple screen or quadruple screen Integrated screen _Cell-free DNA testing Genetic ultrasound Screening is a low-risk way to determine if advanced diagnostic tests are being performed Diagnostic tests for Down syndrome and other problems are more accurate. These tests are usually done on the uterus and increase the risk of miscarriage or premature birth. Sampling of pair feathers Amniocentesis - Subcutaneous blood sampling of umbilical cord blood After the baby is born, Down's syndrome can be diagnosed by examining his or her physical characteristics as well as his or her blood and tissues. There is no specific treatment for Down syndrome, and people with this syndrome, like others, receive medical care.
Methods: By review other article
Results: As it is known, this syndrome is more common in the children of women between the ages of 30 and 35 or older, who can prevent this syndrome by taking the necessary tests before pregnancy.
Conclusion: Pregnancy can be prevented by screening and other tests. Therefore, it is best to get pregnant at an early age to eliminate the risk of their child developing Down syndrome.
Keywords: Down Syndrome, Symptoms, Prevention, Chromosome 21, Screening