Nutrition and renal health in preterm infant

Nutrition and renal health in preterm infant
kowsar Izadi,^1,* Reyhane Amrani,² Mobina Ghannadzade,³ Ahmadreza Abbasi,⁴
1. Islamic azad university of Shahrood
Introduction: Nutrition can affect the function of many organs, such as the kidneys. Premature birth occurs in almost10% Of all births, often associated with low birth weight (LBW). Low birth weight (LBW) is associated with a decrease in the number of nephrons at birth and kidney disease such as nephrocalcinosis (NC). We want to examine the relationship between nutrition and kidney health and how it affects the development of kidney disease.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar databases for related articles. 102 articles have been reviewed, 10 of which are relevant.
Results: NC in premature infants is associated with impaired renal tube function and kidney length (KL).Crystallization is also common in all minors.In addition, intrauterine growth restriction and LBW are associated with a decrease in the number of nephrons.Nutrition in early life has a major impact on health. Excessive consumption of calcium and phosphorus, which is currently prescribed for premature infants in the first 4 weeks, poses a risk of developing NC.(6) Increasing the concentration of sodium in the blood and reducing the number of nephrons increases blood pressure.(4)Some studies have shown that the quality and quantity of postpartum nutrition, including calories, protein, and food content, may plan the number of nephrons and kidney function. In addition, mothers who give birth to premature babies are at high risk for long-term hypertension, kidney and cardiovascular disease, and subsequent complicated pregnancies.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the quantity and quality of postpartum nutrition affects renal function in premature infants.Therefore, prevention of preterm labor, improvement of girls' education and optimization of maternal weight and nutrition and various interventions including calcium and zinc supplements in the mother will be useful in reducing the risks.
Keywords: Nutrition, preterm infant, nephrocalcinosis, kidney