Therapeutic use of microRNAs in NSCLC and SCLC.

Therapeutic use of microRNAs in NSCLC and SCLC.
Pooneh Yasamineh,¹ Saman Yasamineh,^2,* Mahdi Norouzi,³
1. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
2. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
3. Istanbul University, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul, Turkey
Introduction: The carcinoma of the lung is among the most prevalent types of cancer globally. With respect to its histology, it is divided into a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and as well as the small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subtype. NSCLC is the major types of lung cancer, which accounting for nearly 85 % of lung cancer. MiRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNA, which their nucleotides range from 19 to 25. They are known to be key regulators of cancer via epigenetic control of oncogenes expression, as well as the tumor suppressor genes. In addition, miRNAs albeit act differently in a lung tumor microenvironment, as they hinder the cell growth, and orchestrate apoptosis in the lung tumor cells. Here, this is a review on the roles of miRNAs for possible ways to prevent NSCLC and SCLC (anti – miRs, miR mimics and micro RNA sponges). Moreover we discuss new strategies to achieve tissue specific delivery, potential off-target effects, and safety of miRNAs delivery.
Methods: In this review we used online database such as NCBI (PubMed), Google scholar, and miRCancer Database. This Research is the result of a survey of more than 200 articles of which 115 articles are directly used in this study.
Results: The one of the main problems in the therapy of lung cancer are inappropriate methods of early detection and acquired medicine resistance which weaken the chemotherapeutic Advantages. Consequently, scientists want overcome this problem by discovering a new method with sensitive, accurate, and no side effects characteristic to treatment of lung cancer. MiRNA functions such as regulating protein expression during cellular activity, such as growth, development, and differentiation at the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational level, proliferation and apoptosis are essential in maintain the status quo of the cell. It also possesses less known side effects, and indeed an enhanced accuracy. However, weak infiltrates of miRNAs into the tumor tissue, unmodified miRNA antagonists, rapid degradation and clearance of miRNA mimics in blood circulation are led to shortcoming prevent and hinder the clinical efficacy of miRNA delivery. As result, it is necessary to treatment lung cancer (NSCLC and SCLC) utilized the suitable delivery strategy including lipid-based, polymer-based, scaffold-based, viral vectors and nanoparticles.
Conclusion: Further research on miRNAs such as effective delivery system of therapeutic miRNAs in inhibit SCLC and NSCLC, can certainly deepen our understanding of various malignancies lung cancer, and subsequently more effective treatment method. In general, miRNAs are effective and potential therapeutic method to treatment of SCLC and NSCLC with less side effect and high accuracy.
Keywords: Lung cancer, MicroRNA, Treatment, Delivery system