Factors affecting on developmental delay in preterm infants

Factors affecting on developmental delay in preterm infants
Maede sadat Haghi,^1,* Fateme kermani,²
1. Member of Omid research of Islamic Azad University . Shahrud branch . Shahrud.Iran
2. Member of Omid research of Islamic Azad University .Mashhad Branch .Mashhad .Iran
Introduction: Preterm is defined as babies Born alive before 37 weeks of pregnancy are completed. Across 184 countries, the rate of preterm birth Ranges from 5% to 18% babies born.Every year an estimed 15 million babies are born preterm and this number is raising.Preterm birth complications are leading cause of death among children under 5 years of age responsible for approximately 1 million berth in 2015.In this regard we review recent studies on the causes of this problem and the factors that affect the development of these babies.
Methods: Search was done by keywords in Pubmed, Google scholar,Cochrane,irranmedix and SID, in the period of 1990-2020 . 200 articles were received. By studying the title of the articles, 20 articles were selected, then by studying the abstract of the articles, 12 articles were selected. All of Persian articles were deleted. Finally 8 articles used in this study.
Results: 4 experimental articles and 4 reviw articles that examined this subject,were analyzed.Among them,5 articles referred to the effect of nutrition,2 cases referred to the effect of postpartum measures and 1case referred to genetic factors.Iron-deficiency anaemia in 6-mo-old infants is associated with adverse effects on at least one aspect of CNS development.A small head circumference and white matter injury in the form of leukomalacia have been observed in population of infants with sever from of congenital heart defect.This delay in brain development may foster susceptibility to periventricular leukomalacia in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. Delaying enterel feeding could diminish the functional adaptation of the gastrointestinal tract and prolong the need for parental nutrition with its attendant infectious and metabolic risks. It is recommended that women increase their calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation of the dosage varies among personals.
Conclusion: According to studies,the mother’s nutrition during pregnancy and then childbirth,wich breastfeeding, should be considered and take supplements with breast milk.Also,measures such as the time of clamping the umbilical cord,the duration of the intubation,the long_term mechanical ventilation and the appearance of respiratory apena,etc that affect on the evolutionary process , must be considered.Complete monitoring of the mother's physical and mental condition during pregnancy and childbirth processes should be performed under the supervision of a specialist.
Keywords: preterm infants,delayed development,affective factors