Investigating association of TOX3 gene expression in cancer patients

Investigating association of TOX3 gene expression in cancer patients
Minoo Momenzadeh,¹ Mohammad Yaghubnezhad,² Tayyebeh Rezapour,³ Elham Safari,^4,*
1. School of Medicine, Mashhad Islamic Azad University
2. School of Nursery and Midwifery, Mashhad Islamic Azad University
3. Shahrekord university of medical sciences
4. School of Nursery and Midwifery, Mashhad Islamic Azad University
Introduction: During the malignant process, cancer cells acquire multiple alterations genetic that override the normal mechanisms controlling cellular proliferation. In brief, cancer is a disease of genetic abnormalities caused by hereditary and environmental factors. The protein encoded by TOX3 gene contains an HMG-box, indicating that it may be involved in bending and unwinding of DNA and alteration of chromatin structure. A minor allele of this gene has been implicated in an elevated risk of breast cancer, stomach, esophagus, SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) and 13 other tissues; so the aim of this study is investigating of TOX3 gene expression in cancer patients.
Methods: This review was performed within articles published at PubMed, Google scholar and SID from 2016 to 2020. The keywords were TOX3 gene, expression, cancer and breast cancer. By searching this database, 47 articles were found, 19 of them were not related with investigating and 12 of them by reading abstract were removed. All articles chosen from English and Persian articles
Results: Finally 16 articles were included in the study. Some studies showed that breast cancer-associated SNPs reduce the expression of the TOX3 gene. Although there are articles that determine; high expression of this protein plays an important role in breast cancer progression. Together, these results suggest two different roles for TOX3, one in the initiation of breast cancer that potentially related to expression of TOX3 in mammary epithelial cell and another role for this nuclear protein in the progression of cancer. In addition, these results can show association of TOX3 expression and breast cancer metastasis to the bone. In another studies a significant decrease in the expression of this gene in SCC (Squamous cell carcinoma) was observed also a number of articles have shown the role of TOX3 in gastric cancer.
Conclusion: It seems that TOX3 gene expression has reduced in most studies on breast, gastric, and even esophageal cancer. But there are few studies that give us a conclusive result, And it is suggested that more research done to elucidate the exact mechanism of action of the gene as a tumor suppressor in any of these cancers and the expression pattern or biological role of TOX3 in these cancers and also need to perform in more human sample and different areas of worlds.
Keywords: TOX3 gene, Expression, Cancer, Breast cancer