Drugs and atural compounds against human coronavirus

Drugs and atural compounds against human coronavirus
fatemeh rezvani fard,^1,*
1. shaheed chamran university
Introduction: According to recent findings that the coronavirus uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 as its receptor, Converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and angiotensin-renin system inhibitors may be involved in the treatment of severe respiratory disease. A number of herbal medicines and natural compounds have human antiviral effects (HCoVs) and provide a rich source for the development of new antiviral drugs.
Methods: Ren-San-Du-Bai-Shen (Gensing to eliminate toxins) may curb the formation of cytokine storms. And by regulating chemokine, increasing blood oxygen saturation, signal transducer, and activator Transcript and ... be effective in the treatment of COVID-19. The s protein at the surface of the cov particle membrane is responsible for binding to the host cell and fusion of the virus membrane during infection. Extracts of the red blood cells Eucalyptus globulus and Flos Japonica conicera, as well as Rb1-ginsenoside, have been reported to have antiviral activity against COV-SARS due to their ability to interfere with glycoprotein envelope processing. In particular, saikosaponin B2 has strong anti-cov activity by influencing the process of viral penetration, binding, and penetration By disrupting viral glycoproteins. Emo Clin A flavonoid isolated from Rhizoma et Radix Rhei is able to block CoV-SARS through the involvement of protein S and ACE2, It is also anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-cancer. Depending on the dose of Emodin, asthma can be improved by inhibiting the polarization of active macrophages and STAT6 phosphorylation of airway inflammation. Scutellarein is another plant-derived flavonoid that has an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the expression of cyclooxygenase 2 and nitric acid Synthases induced by inhibition of the _NF_KB pathway. desaminotyrosine (DAT) The microbial metabolite was able to protect the host against influenza by suppressing interferon-1 signaling and enhancing lung immunopathology. DAT is produced by human intestinal bacteria from flavonoids and amino acid metabolism. Flavonoids have a good anti-inflammatory effect. Excessive inflammation and cytokine-related lung damage may rapidly increase pneumonia in patients with severe influenza, so the protective effect of DAT against influenza may be related to the anti-inflammatory effect of flavonoids. TCM can regulate immune cells and cytokine production in relation to immune responses. Proper immune regulation helps maintain the homeostasis of the immune system, protecting the body against infection or other harmful substances. Because it has the properties of multiple components and multiple targets and pathways for the treatment of diseases, it has great potential for the treatment of COVID-19. Dihydrotanshinone is a natural compound isolated from Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix and Rhizoma commonly used in TCM. Dihydrotanshinone has an inhibitory effect on the entry of the MERS-CoV virus with an IC50 value of 1 µg/mL. Boenninghausenia sessilicarpa (Rutaceae) It is a plant rich in coumarin, which is traditionally used to treat fever, pus, and tonsillitis. Leptodactylone, extracted from B. sessilicarpa has a strong protective effect against virus-infected cells and anti-SARS-CoV activity with an inhibition rate of 60% per 100mg/ml. Bis-benzylisoquinoline alkaloids-tetrandrine from Stephania Tetrandrae Radix dramatically suppresses HCoV-OC43 proliferation by targeting S protein. Lian-Hua-Qing-Wen LHQWC is a common drug that improves clinical symptoms such as fever, cough, fatigue, and shortness of breath in patients with COVID-19. VAL has antiviral effects on different cell types at non-toxic doses And reduces the titers, viruses, and cell genome of the virus. VAL may reduce the toxin toxicity of the drug while having antiviral activity in vivo and showed an inhibitory effect on the proliferation stage of the poliovirus life cycle. And also has other mechanisms against the replication of the envelope virus. And inhibited the activity of LCMV and VRNP LASV, which are responsible for directing RNA genome replication and gene transcription. Valinomycin is a potential antiviral agent against coronaviruses. Flavonoids, Lonicerae, and resveratrol also have anti-inflammatory effects.
Results: Western medicines are used to treat COVID-19 patients, These drugs usually contain a wide range of antibiotics, antivirals, corticosteroids, or a combination of these and can also quickly control the main symptoms of the disease but may cause severe side effects, while TCM treatment is less toxic.
Conclusion: Ideally, an effective CoV vaccine is essential for inducing strong moral immunity with an immune cell. New technology pathways include RNA vaccine, subunit vaccine, viral vector vaccine, and DNA vaccine. CoVs are prone to mutations and recombination during replication, and this propensity has contributed to the diversity of the coronavirus.
Keywords: Coronavirus, COVID-19, Natural compounds, Drug