The Marine Brown Algae compounds; the natural Antidiabetic sources

The Marine Brown Algae compounds; the natural Antidiabetic sources
soha mokhtari garakani,^1,* Shima Mokhtari Garakani,²
Introduction: Marine algae are known sources of bioactive metabolites. Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder and one of the first death causes in the world. Due to the various antidiabetic drugs side effects, finding an effective natural-based antidiabetic drug is a desire. Phlorotannins present in marine brown algae is one of Antidiabetic compounds which operating through different mechanisms such as the inhibitory effect of enzyme targets mainly by inhibiting the Enzymes. Most of the impressible enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, angiotensin-converting enzymes (ACE), aldose reductase, dipeptidyl peptidase-4, and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP 1B) enzyme are the ones which get effected by Phlorotannins. one of the main therapeutic interventions to treat type 2 DM is achieved by postprandial hyperglycaemia Reduction [14]. The carbohydrate-hydrolysing enzymes such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase can cause the Postprandial hyperglycaemia reduction. Therefore, the inhibition of such enzymes leads to the reduction of postprandial blood glucose level and these enzyme inhibitors act as a potential target for the development of antidiabetic drugs.
Methods: The other natural compounds identified in brown algae are effected on glycation cycle. The final products of glycation cycle which made by Chronic hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients have caused of vascular complications in diabetes, renal failure, Alzheimer’s disease, aging, and other chronic diseases. Therefore, the natural compounds which inhibit the glycation final products formation can be used to suppress the diabetic complications associated by glycation end products accumulation.
Results: In addition there are some polysaccharides Present in Marine Brown Algae which made by phlorotannins such as fucoidans, alginates, and laminarans. Based on researches laminarans have effective therapeutic effects. Fucoidans show antioxidant, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities and Fucoxanthin exhibits strong biological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, and antidiabetic activities. also , based on researches six subgroups of phlorotannins are identified in different species of brown algae, which show important antidiabetic action through several mechanisms. Due to the results there are six groups of compounds which brown algae have effected on them such as α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzymes, Aldose Reductase, Angiotensin-Converting Enzymes, PTP 1B, DPP-4, AGEs.
Conclusion: Brown algae known as a great source of bioactive compounds. One of the considerable health-promoting compound have achieved is phlorotannins. Phlorotannins is an antidiabetic agentidentified in the brown algal species . Among the vast brown algal species a few numbers have suitable to use as antidiabetic s sources. During these years the families such as Lessoniaceae, Ishigeaceae, Sargassaceae, Fucaceae, Laminariaceae, Alariaceae, and Dictyotaceae have studied to identify antidiabetic compounds.also different antidiabetic mechanisms of phlorotannins and some other bioactive compounds have investigated though the researches to determine the therapeutic agents that may have benefits for type 2 diabetes patients still required.
Keywords: Marine , antidiabetic drugs, brown algae