• The resistance of breast tumors to tamoxifen , evaluation of therapeutic challenges and a prospective perspective
  • Zahra farhoud Khomeirani,1,* Sepehr bozorgchenani,2
    1. department of Veterinary, Rasht branch, islamic azad university
    2. Department of Bioinformatics, Tehran branch, Science and Culture university


  • Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed among women and is the second leading cause of cancer death among women after lung cancer. breast cancer is a hormone-dependent tumor in which estrogen plays a major role. the goal is to target ER using ER antagonists or antiestrogens. It is a reliable treatment for all stages of the disease in premenopausal and postmenopausal women. in this study we highlighted the role of ER in breast cancer .we discuss breast cancer, especially luminal breast cancer, and the challenges prognosis and resistance of these tumors to selective estrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen.
  • Methods: In this review, we briefly describe the information obtained from the Google Scholar Science Direct database.
  • Results: On the other hand, The intratumor variability in antiestrogen responsiveness also changes over time, and thus several and complex mechanisms are involved in developing antiestrogen resistance. As mentioned earlier, it should be noted that there is not a single mechanism alone responsible for the development of antiestrogen resistance and it is very likely that resistance comes from various cellular events. Considering the clinical values of tamoxifen in the treatment of breast cancer, it is clear that preventing and overcoming tamoxifen resistance remains an important clinical goal. A better understanding of resistance mechanisms would aid in the development of novel strategies to overcome tamoxifen resistance and provide the basis for breast cancer treatment options.
  • Conclusion: According to the findings, resistance to hormonal therapies in breast cancer due to the toxicity and carcinogenicity of high doses of tamoxifen and the management of this process by nanomaterials, there are still fundamental challenges regarding the mechanism of action of different cells and biological reactions in nanomaterials exist and require careful evaluation there are several risks to the benefits of nanomaterials.
  • Keywords: breast cancer, Tamoxifen, estrogen receptor, luminal breast cancer