Hamideh Kadeh,1Shirin Saravani,2,*
1. Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran 2. Oral & Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
Introduction: Cysts are lesions that are more common in the oral cavity than in other parts of the body. Radicular cysts are the most frequently odontogenic cysts that are discovered in the apical region of a necrotic tooth. Recent findings about events at the molecular level, combined with the clinical behavior of lesions, provide better insight into the nature of lesions. This study explain gene expression profiles and others genetic variation of radicular cysts in order to uncover possible mechanism of pathogenesis that would help in the diagnosis and discovery of novel therapeutic options.
Methods: Using the main keywords of "Radicular cyst", "gene expression"and "molecular genetics" a comprehensive research was performed among several research databases.
Results: Regarding bone metabolism, receptor activator of nuclear factor-B ligand (RANKL) gene has been extensively examined because of its important role in bone resorption around the tooth apex. This gene is part of the pathway that activates osteoclasts and is inhibited by osteoprotegerin. It has been reported that the RB1, TP53, XIAP, CASP3 and CASP9 genes may be important in the development and increased cell proliferation of odontogenic cysts, including radicular cysts. Loss of heterozygosity of FHIT is observed in 10% of radicular cysts cases while LOH of P53 gene is not observed in radicular cysts. In another study, the importance of MMP1, MMP2, TIMP1, TIMP2 genes expression in the pathogenesis of periapical inflammatory lesions was reported. Also it has been reported that the FOXP3 gene promotor methylation was correlated with FOXP3 transcript levels inversely, and this shows that FOXP3 may be important in periapical lesion development.
Conclusion: Detection of Gene expression profiles and others genetic variation of odontogenic cysts, including radicular cysts is critical in order to uncover possible mechanism of pathogenesis that would help in the diagnosis and discovery of novel therapeutic options for these lesions.