Design and synthesis of antifungal chitosan – albumin conjugated nano particle containing fluconazole
Design and synthesis of antifungal chitosan – albumin conjugated nano particle containing fluconazole
Morvarid Hatamiazar,1,*Javad MohammadNejad,2Sepideh Khaleghi,3
1. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2. Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences & Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. 3. Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Introduction: Introduction: Candida species are the most common causative agents responsible for the majority of morbidity as well as mortality rates due to invasive fungal infections worldwide. The most candidiasis infection is Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) that represents a considerable health burden for women. Despite the availability of a significant array of antifungal drugs and topical products, the management of the infection is not always effective, Fluconazole (Flu) is an antifungal frequently used in the treatment of mycosis and some fungi developed resistance to its mechanism of action, therefore new approaches are needed. Novel vaginal drug delivery systems can be used to provide local treatment. Vaginal drug delivery systems prevent systemic side effects and can provide long-term drug release in the vaginal area. Chitosan (CS) is a naturally originating product that can be applied in many areas due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxic properties. The broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of CS offers great commercial potential for this product. Nevertheless, the antimicrobial activity of CS varies, because this activity is associated with its physicochemical characteristics and depends on the type of microorganism.
Methods: Methods: In this article Chitosan coated by Bovine serum albumin (BSA) with covalent (with EDC and NHS) and non-covalent bond and trapping fluconazole with ratios 1Flu:1CS , 1Flu:2CS and 2Flu:1CS in this nanoparticle , The physicochemical characterizations of biosynthesized CS-BSA -NPs were assessed by using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) Analysis. FT-IR analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups related to reduction, capping, and stabilizing CS-BSA-NPs. The MIC/MFC was assayed for the antifungal effect of nanoparticles. Moreover, the effect of nanoparticles was evaluated on biofilm formation.
Results: Results and Discussion: The DLS analysis showed that NPs were homogenous and monodispersed. The TEM and SEM showed spherical, nano sized nanparticles. The FT-IR conformed the covalent and non-covalent bonds in samples. The recorded minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was18 µl/ml and minimum fungal concentration (MFC) was 22.5 µl/ml (1fluconazole:2CS-BSA–nanoparticle). CS-BSA nanoparticle has profound effect on biofilm formation. The cell viability assay (MTT) on human normal fibroblast cell lines showed biocompatibility of complex in 24h and 48h.
Conclusion: Conclusion: synthesized CS-BSA-NPs containing Fluconazole can be used as effective antifungal, biocompatible nano complex for Candida spp.
1. Facchinatto WM, Galante J, Mesquita L, Silva DS, Dos Santos DM, Moraes TB, et al. Clotrimazole-loaded N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-palmitoyl chitosan nanoparticles for topical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis. Acta biomaterialia. 2021;125:312-21.
2. Soliman AM, Abdel-Latif W, Shehata IH, Fouda A, Abdo AM, Ahmed YM. Green approach to overcome the resistance pattern of Candida spp. using biosynthesized silver nanoparticles fabricated by Penicillium chrysogenum F9. Biological Trace Element Research. 2021;199:800-11.
3. da Silva JT, de Oliveira MG, de Paula JR, Alves SF, Pellegrini F, Amaral AC. HPLC Method Validated for Quantification of Fluconazole Co-Encapsulated with Propolis Within Chitosan Nanoparticles. Indian Journal of Microbiology. 2021:1-6.
4. Ke C-L, Deng F-S, Chuang C-Y, Lin C-H. Antimicrobial Actions and Applications of Chitosan. Polymers. 2021;13(6):904.
5. Tuğcu-Demiröz F, Saar S, Kara AA, Yıldız A, Tunçel E, Acartürk F. Development and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded nanofiber hybrid system for vaginal controlled release of benzydamine. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021;161:105801.