• Biosensors And Diagnosis Technologies for Urinary Tract Infections
  • ali aghighi,1 amin monjezi,2 Sajjad soofi,3 Mohammad Hossein farahani,4 Maryam hosseinzadeh,5 Zeinab Sadat Jalali,6,*
    1. Student Research Committee, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
    2. Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical science, Hamadan, Iran.
    3. Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical science, Hamadan, Iran.
    4. Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical science, Hamadan, Iran.
    5. Student Research Committee, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
    6. Student research committee,Jahrom university of Medical Sciences, Jahrom,Iran


  • Introduction: Urinary tract infections are the most common bacterial infections in infants, children, and adults. Complicated factors such as obstruction of urinary stones, indwelling catheters, and urinary tract surgery increase the risk of urosepsis, which has a mortality rate of up to 20%. Early identification of these microorganisms leads to faster recovery and fewer complications. However, these traditional methods of urine culture and urinalysis or microscopy are the standards of the bacteriology laboratory, which can be complex and time-consuming. To solve these problems, biosensors are recognized as an efficient and emerging technology that provides a powerful diagnostic platform for Infectious diseases have become. Biosensors can be used in understanding the mechanism of some diseases and disorders, in diagnosing and treating diseases and their complications, and in identifying their causes, as well as in other related sciences such as pharmacy, advanced drug delivery systems, and identifying new drugs and evaluating their biological activity.
  • Methods: This study is a systematic review with the keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Biosensors, Patient, Bacterial, Diagnostic reliable scientific databases, and sites, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, Sid was conducted between 2012 and (August) 2022 and 40 articles were found in the initial search, after removing duplicates and evaluating the title and abstract, 19 articles related to the research selected, and the Total conclusions were made based on the information available in various selected articles.
  • Results: Sensor technology has developed greatly over the past decades and has become interdisciplinary research and industrial field. Sensors consist of three main parts: 1- Detecting part: This part must be able to selectively identify a specific material or a specific type of material. This part is where the interaction between the detector and the target analyte takes place. 2-Transducer: This part converts the interaction between the detector part and the target analyte into a visible signal. There are different types of converters. 3- The third part interprets the signals generated in the transducer into usable information. Biosensors are used in both research and diagnostics. The most important biosensors used in the field of UTI diagnosis include Dual signal amplification via enzyme-based target recycling, Magnetoelastic sensor-based technology, electrochemical endotoxin sensors based on TLR-4/MD-2 complexes, Aptamer based biosensors, Microcantilever array biosensors, Limulus amoebocyte lysate. It is an assay. It is also expected that biosensors can be used in the identification, quantification, and monitoring of more specific bacterial species. Biosensors may have a wider application in diagnostic approaches.
  • Conclusion: Generally, Biosensors provide an early and accurate determination of urinary pathogens, which is key to the management of UTIs. The ability to initiate evidence-based therapy guided by rapid profiling of bacterial pathogens and antimicrobial susceptibility can improve patient care and help prevent the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens. The successful development and implementation of these technologies have the potential to usher in the era of precision medicine to improve patient care and public health, but more studies are needed in this field.
  • Keywords: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Biosensors, Patient, Bacterial, Diagnostic