• The Importance of Exosomes in The Occurrence of Breast Cancer
  • Yasaman Peirovy,1,*
    1. Msc of Molecular Genetic Department of Genetics, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran.


  • Introduction: Exosomes of almost all cell types secrete into the extracellular spaces. They include active genetic material in the form of messenger RNA (mRNA), micro RNA (miRNA), DNA, and active peptides that are representative of the original cell in their lumen, which may be isolated from various physiological fluids. The aim of this study was to investigate the importance of exosomes in the occurrence of Breast cancer.
  • Methods: The current study, which looked through academic databases like Google Scholar, Science Direct, Springer, and PubMed, investigated the importance of exosomes in the occurrence of Breast cancer.
  • Results: According to the findings, there are three types of transport that occur across the cell membrane: vesicular, passive, and active (exosomes). Exosomes are tiny vesicles that various cell types discharge. According to accumulating evidence, exosomes are significant in cancer. By transporting proteins and nucleic acids between cancer cells and the stroma, exosomes aid in communication. It has been demonstrated that exosome quantities and composition change in response to the emergence of cancers. The role exosomes play in the development of breast cancer, the most dangerous type of cancer in women, has drawn more attention over the past ten years. Breast cancer may cause salivary glands to emit certain exosomes, and these exosomes may act as biomarkers for the early diagnosis of breast cancer. Exosomes carry proteins and nucleic acids that help breast cancer metastasize, develop tumors, and become resistant to treatment. Drug resistance is more likely to develop as a result of exosomes' potential to disseminate anti-cancer drugs outside of breast cancer cells. However, exosomes are effective anti-cancer drug delivery systems with lower immunogenicity and toxicity. This strategy for developing a drug delivery system appears promising. Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer that can be lethal and the primary cause of cancer-related fatalities in women. Due to late diagnosis, the majority of breast cancer patients have poor prognoses. Serum, tissue, and gene markers are currently used in diagnosis; nevertheless, they are inefficient for identifying breast cancer at an early stage. New research indicates that a number of factors, including proteins and microRNA (miRNA), contribute to the onset or progression of breast cancer. The two main causes of death in the clinic are regionally recurring malignancies and distant metastatic disease. De novo and acquired resistance to anticancer medicines continue to be key challenges in the treatment of breast cancer. Signaling pathways, growth factors, and miRNA all have a role in distant metastasis of breast cancer. Active, passive, and vesicular methods of transportation exist between cells and the outside world. Extensive research has been done on vesicular transport, particularly exosome-mediated transport, which is essential for cellular transport. Proteins, nucleic acids, and other materials are sent to the microenvironment via cell-secreted exosomes in order to connect with it. Exosomes play a variety of roles as diverse promoters in the carcinogenesis, metastasis, and drug resistance of breast cancer. Deregulation of exosome-mediated transport results in the development of illness.
  • Conclusion: Nanosized vesicles called exosomes facilitate intracellular and intercellular communication. Exosomes are increasingly being shown to be crucial to the development of pathogenic conditions, according to available data. Exosomes may serve as biomarkers for different tumors, such as breast cancer. Compared to healthy breast cells, breast cancer cells release different amounts and types of exosomes. Exosome dysregulation in bodily fluids suggests that diseases might not be sensitive or specific. Drugs aimed at breast cancer cells could be transported through exosomes.
  • Keywords: exosomes, Breast cancer, inter-cellular, intra-cellular