Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age that not only is the leading cause of infertility but also shows a reciprocal link with oral health. Studies showed that women with PCOS have increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, groups of proteins that help regulate immunity and inflammation. This chronic inflammation can lead to several oral health problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between PCOS and oral disease.
Methods: In order to find relevant studies to the research question, an electronic search with time (recent five years, up to 2022) and language (English) restrictions was conducted using PubMed. Most recent studies including case control studies, original research and review articles were selected. Analysis was done and data were synthesized and compiled in a sequential and presentable paradigm.
Results: Several studies reported a strong association between periodontal disease and PCOS with a high level of systemic inflammatory markers, including adhesion molecules, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In a cross-sectional study is found that serum C-reactive protein levels were higher in females with newly diagnosed PCOS. In women with PCOS, salivary Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis and Tannerella forsythia levels were higher than healthy women.
Conclusion: From the mentioned results, there seems to be a positive relation between oral disease and PCOS. However, multicenter studies, with larger sample sizes, are to be conducted to establish a clearer and stronger association.