• Prevalence of latent hepatitis B infection transmission among hemodialysis patients in Mashhad in 2022
  • Hananeh Khadem,1 Ali Ahmadi,2,* Dariush D. Farhud,3
    1. MD. Student, Department of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
    2. Student, Department of Biological Sciences and Technologies, Islamic Azad University Sari Branch, Sari, Iran
    3. School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran


  • Introduction: Hepatitis viruses cause liver involvement and inflammation. Currently, six types of viruses are known as hepatitis viruses (A, B, C, D, E, G), only five of which cause hepatitis. Hepatitis B virus infection is a major public health problem worldwide. Approximately 30% of the world's population shows serological evidence of current infection. Hepatitis B virus is a partially double-stranded DNA virus with several serological markers. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected blood and semen. A safe and effective vaccine has been available since 1981, and although variable, the implementation of universal vaccination in infants has led to a sharp decline in prevalence. Overall, 40% of men and 15% of women with perinatal acquired hepatitis B virus infection will die of cirrhosis or liver cancer. A study has shown that low anti-HBs neutralization capacity may be ineffective when a high viral load prevails. Anti-HBc blood units appear relatively infectious without detectable anti-HBs, except in immunodeficiency receptors. Elderly people with immunodeficiency and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies may be less susceptible to infection at lower doses, even in the presence of anti-HBs. Extensive blood transfusions have also been used in various clinical settings, and some extensive transfusion protocols improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of latent hepatitis B infection transmission among hemodialysis patients in Mashhad in 2022.
  • Methods: This is a secondary study with a narrative approach, in 2022 by searching for keywords such as Hemodialysis, Infestations, Hepatitis B, Virus Infection, and Serologic in Mesh and reputable databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, And the Web of Science was conducted, and finally, 15 articles were found, of which 10 articles were included in the study.
  • Results: According to the studies obtained from the articles, the results show that hepatitis B virus (HBV) is still a major risk for infection is transmitted through blood transfusions. OBIs carrying detectable anti-HBs (approximately 50%) are essentially non-infectious by injection. Recent data, however, indicate that OBI is an undetectable status of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) but that serum and/or intrahepatic hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA are detectable. OBI may be due to acute self-limiting hepatitis, or in patients with chronic hepatitis B who have acquired HBsAg serocirculence, who lose the ability to detect serum HBsAg with or without antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) in Refers to chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Clinical consequences of OBI include cirrhosis and HCC, liver transplantation, blood transfusion, hemodialysis, and more.
  • Conclusion: OBI is the most common cause of hepatitis B following blood transfusions in India. Remaining high, in addition to RR, the prevalence of latent HBV or anti-HBc infection also indicates a risk of HBV infection in donated blood.
  • Keywords: Hemodialysis, Infestations, Hepatitis B, Virus Infection and Serologic