Mina Zangouei,1Aida Gholoobi,2,*
1. Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran 2. Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Introduction: With the discovery of Helicobacter Pylori (H. pylori) in 1982, the theory that the gastric is sterile was refuted, leading to a period of gastric microbial research. In addition, advances in nucleic acid sequencing techniques indicated that a complex community of microbes might coexist with H. pylori in the gastric.
Methods: Numerous studies have examined the crucial function of H. pylori in gastric cancer, particularly strains that harbor the Cag A and Vac A genes; this bacteria contributes to carcinogenesis by altering gastric acidity and, consequently, the organization of the gastric microbiota. While there is increasing evidence that microorganisms other than H. pylori and their metabolites play a significant role in gastric carcinogenesis, The function of the viral and fungal microbiome in gastric cancer has gotten less consideration. Investigating the microbiome's effect on the development and progression of gastric cancer can contribute to substantial improvement in preventing, diagnosing, and treating this disease.
Results: It is crucial to note that the complex interactions of bacteria are not limited to the gastric microbiome; the oral microbiome and intestinal microbiome also potentially affect gastric cancer.
Conclusion: This review article surveyed the carcinogenic role of the gastric microbiome, which is caused by complex communities of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in this organ.