Introduction: Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases shared by humans and animals, such as Ebola virus, highly acute avian influenza (H7N9), and Middle East respiratory syndrome, have occurred in recent years, causing the infection of these relatively rare diseases among countries. Another emerging zoonotic disease is monkeypox, which was first identified in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) in 1970, but since 2010 has spread to seven other African countries causing human outbreaks. and the frequency and volume of its prevalence in the human population has increased steadily.
Methods: The current research is a systematic review that was searched using the keywords smallpox, monkeypox, epidemic in PubMed, Google Scholar, sid, Elsevier and the desired articles.
Results: Two main strains of human monkeypox virus (MPXV) have been identified: the West African (WA) strain and the Congo Basin (CB) strain, the latter of which has been associated with greater morbidity, mortality, and human-to-human transmission. The smallpox vaccine is estimated to be 85% effective against monkeypox, and residual immunity from past vaccinations significantly reduces the frequency and severity of clinical signs and symptoms. It is difficult to distinguish between monkeypox and smallpox skin lesions, but lymphadenopathy is usually one It is one of the prominent features of monkey pox, recorded symptoms include vomiting and diarrhea, inflammation of the conjunctiva and corneal ulcer, sepsis, encephalitis and pneumonia.
Conclusion: Try to make the smallpox vaccine available before the peak of the epidemic and explain to the general public the necessary training to recognize this disease, the ways to prevent its spread and spread, considering the lack of specific treatment, try to find the necessary supportive drugs to reduce the side effects. Due to this disease, masks and personal protection items should be produced and stored.