Application of biosensors in maintaining food safety
Application of biosensors in maintaining food safety
Yadollah mohammadi,1Nafiseh sadat imani,2Asma Jalalifar,3Arghavan Hasanaki,4fereshtehgholami,5,*
1. Student, master, Health and Quality Control of food, Razi University, kermanshah, Iran 2. Student Research Committee, Ardabil University of Medical Siences, Ardabil, Iran 3. Psychology studen of Tabriz Azad University/ Tabriz, lran 4. Bachelor student of Environmental Health Engineering, Arak University of Medical Sciences Arak,Iran 5. Student Research Committee, bushehr University of Medical Sciences, bushehr, Iran
Introduction: With the expansion of modern agriculture and the development of food industry, the quality and quantity of food increased significantly. Food safety is of great importance as it affects the awareness of consumers socially and economically and can endanger their lives. Factors that threaten this immunity include: heavy metals, pathogenic agents, used poisons, pesticides and veterinary drug residues.
In recent years, various measurement and evaluation methods have been developed by researchers. Among these techniques, electrochemical biosensors/food toxin converters are among the most powerful tools used in this field. These tools increase the speed of food contamination screening and foodborne illness management by using corrective actions. This technique has many advantages, including high sensitivity, cheapness, suitable size and high analysis power. Also, nanomaterials used in the food industry, having food additives, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, increase the shelf life and quality of food products.
Combining nanomaterials with biosensors and creating nanobiosensors has improved sensing capabilities for environmental applications. Therefore, the expansion and development of nanobiosensors using the properties of nanomaterials in relation to specific biological materials is a more suitable alternative for easy and timely diagnosis of plant diseases. Therefore, it is necessary to have a rapid detection technology that can adapt to the diversity and complexity of food safety.
Methods: In the forthcoming systematic review, the required data were collected using keywords and citing valid databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The statistical population includes all studies conducted until 2022 in the field of Application of biosensors in maintaining food safety. After reviewing the relevant findings and evaluating the quality of the data, 18 articles were analyzed.
Results: Today, the application of nanobiosensors in the agricultural and food industries is expanding to increase the productivity of natural resources, which contributes to the sustainability and efficiency of the agricultural and food sector. Nanobiosensors can be applied through agriculture, soil and moisture assessment, natural resources, soil pH assessment, disease management, detection of pathogenic organisms and chemicals, and detection of adulterated substances unsafe for humans, up to the commercialization stage. A limited number of industries such as Roche, Nippon and IBM etc. are associated with the manufacture of nanobiosensors due to their wide range of applications. Commercialization of nanobiosensors in agriculture and food industries is very little reported. Although there are reports of commercial nanobiosensors in diagnostics and medical applications.
The versatility of nanobiosensors is another aspect that needs more attention. The development of a part of nanomaterials based on biosensing can increase the commercialization of nanobiosensors with portable sizes.
In the coming years, nanobiosensor devices can be connected with GPS system to help precision and smart agriculture. As a result, farmers can make better decisions on irrigation, fertilization, pest control and proper harvesting of natural resources.
Based on the above discussion, it can be concluded that electrochemical sensors based on 2DM have many advantages such as high speed, easy operation, low cost and time, maintaining food safety, environmental monitoring and material detection in various fields. This review mainly introduces the preparation methods, structures and properties of 2DMs and their applications in various electrochemical detection. Through the design of functional nanomaterials and the fabrication of sensor electrodes, the performance of electrochemical sensors is increased.
Conclusion: Finally, implantable biosensors and surface scanning biosensors offer innovative tools for future research. By improving the connection between nanomaterials and modified electrodes, it is possible to increase the bond strength of nanomaterials on the surface of the electrode so that it is easy to separate the changes of nanomaterials on the electrode and thus improve the stability of electrochemical detection.
The high cost of fabrication, automation tests, results validation and validation of field trials that miniaturize industrial prototypes for production is still a major challenge. In addition, there is no market to compensate and bear all these costs. This may be the reason why there are fewer commercial nanobiosensors. However, extracting new nanomaterials from waste biomass can be a cost-effective alternative. New programs and methods based on CRISPR-Cas12a promote the development of numerous diagnostic solutions and have great potential in medical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and especially food diagnosis.