insight to teratogenc virus treatment review article
insight to teratogenc virus treatment review article
Saman Hakimian,1,*Saba Biglari,2
1. M.sc student of pathogenic microbes Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch 2. Animal Biology undergraduate student Islamic Azad University of Tehran Department of Medical Sciences
Introduction: Teratogenic virus the causes of intrauterine infections in humans,which cause fetal death or congenital malformations in children.
Teratogen is a substance, organism or process that can harm a fetus during pregnancy. Teratogens can be an infectious agent, medicines or drugs or types of environmental exposures . Teratogens may produce physical or functional defects in the human fetus after the pregnant woman is exposed to the substance.
Methods: Most of the teratogens act via an unknown mechanism on developing cells and tissues to start a cascade .
Congenital anomalies can occur during the developmental stages of the embryo ,form abnormal genetics.they cause teratogenic agents there is a greater risk to the fetus,as these abnormalities may not be detected until birth. These are anomalies the origin of illness and disability after childbirth defects can also lead to death.
Results: In this article,the purpose of investigating rubella, Zika and covid-19 viruses.
Rubella virus(RV) is one of the main causes of birth defects and fetal death as a function of infection in pregmant women.
in 1941, an Australian ophthalmologist, Norman McAlister Gregg noticed, that infants born with congenital cataracts also had congenital heart disease.The birth defects seen in infants include blindness, deafness, congenital heart disease, mental retardation and neurological complications, all of them collectively referred to as congenital rubella syndrome (CRS).
Zika virus infection in pregnancy,regardless of the trimester of pregnancy it have major or minor abnormalities . neurodevelopmental assessment shows that Zika can cause a developmental delay in infants with motor area.
ZIKV infection can cause Zika disease, characterized by rash, pruritus, arthralgia, headache,myalgia, and fever, among others
syndrome called Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Some anomalies caused by intrauterine ZIKV infection can manifest postnatally, such as postnatal microcephaly and neurodevelopmental disorders, that could affect cognitive, motor, and social functions
teratogens can be either different types of chemicals,drugs,physical radiationsor even infections.
Congenital infections can be transmitted form mother to child through the placenta , childbirth ,or during childbirth . For the treatment of COVID-19 or its symptoms,many drugs are bening used ,with potential teratogenic risks,including combined therapy with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin .Both Zika and Covid-19 pose a threat to the health of pregnant women
Although ZIKV disease and COVID-19 share many similarities, the vectors, transmission, and epidemiology are distinct . ZIKV is a single-stranded RNA virus from the flavivirus (or vector-borne pathogen) genus, primarily transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. In addition, the virus can be transmitted vertically from the pregnant person to fetus in all trimesters of pregnancy, through blood products, blood transfusion.
Conclusion: the measles virus is one of the most dangerous human teratogen viruses, and in general, teratogen viruses have severe risks for pregnant women and fetuses.