Diagnosis of myocardial infarction by a new generation of biosensors
Diagnosis of myocardial infarction by a new generation of biosensors
Soha Azizi,1Aida Mofazzal Jahromi,2Dorsa Gharehghooni,3Sara Daniali,4Seyyed Ebrahim Moosavifard,5,*
1. Student research committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 2. Student research committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 3. Student research committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 4. Student research committee, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran 5. Department of Advanced Medical Sciences & Technologies, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
Introduction: Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of death in developed and developing countries. Myocardial infarction occurs due to a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle. Since the necrosis and heart damage is irreversible in myocardial infarction and 85% of damage arises during the first two hours after the heart attack, the early diagnosis of this phenomenon is critical by safe, quick, and cost-efficient methods. Electrocardiogram studies as the main approach are not sufficient for early diagnosis of myocardial infarction, so detecting and monitoring relative biomarkers levels in plasma or saliva has attracted a huge of attention. Biosensors with electrochemical mechanisms and based on nanoparticles are very effective in monitoring the onset and progression of heart disease. These biomarkers include protein C, troponin I (cTnI) or T (cTnT), serum amyloid A, C-reactive protein, hearttype fatty acid-binding protein, myoglobin, and creatine kinase
Methods: The present study is a systematic review study that was conducted with strategy (or-and) in multiple databases (SID, ISC, PubMed, ISI), with a time limit (2016- 2021) and keywords such as biosensor, biomarker, heart disease, myocardial infarction, and heart attack. 39 studies were screened simultaneously by three researchers in 3 stages and finally, 20 studies related to the subject were obtained.
Results: Various biosensors have been developed to address the problems of traditional diagnostic and treatment methods, which have many advantages, such as low cost, mobility, reliability, repeatability, and require a small amount of solution to perform the test. Most studies emphasize the use of biosensors and provide practical and important details for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease by biomarkers. Nano biosensors in combination with nanomaterials, provide powerful analytical substrates for the detection of cTnI and cTnT. Some of the studies determined perspectives on the future of new methods and devices in this field.
Conclusion: Although biomarkers and sensors are approved by various researchers, the use of nanotechnology provides new methods to extend the accuracy of tests and accelerate the response to be considered.