Role and relevance of NFκB signaling pathway in cancer
Role and relevance of NFκB signaling pathway in cancer
mobina movahed majd,1,*danyal farajnia rick,2zhila shokrian,3nahid shokrian,4
1. Student of research Committe, Medical University of Sarab 2. Student of research Committe, Medical University of Sarab 3. Student of research Committe, Medical University of Sarab 4. Member Midwifery Scientific Association of Iran
Introduction: Cell signaling is where the cell responds to the stimuli of molecules leaving the cell that reaches the cytomembrane or binds within the cell cytoplasm. This binding to receptors transmits signals to the nucleus and induces the corresponding natural phenomenon, thus producing biological effects and cellular responses. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkB) signaling pathway may be a multicomponent pathway that regulates the expression of the many genes and organismal processes. Currently, the role of the NFκB signaling pathway in cell biogenic activities could also be a hot spot in cancer research. NFκB signaling is involved in cellular immunity, inflammation, and stress, additionally with the regulation of cell differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. The NFκB pathway is commonly altered in both solid and hematopoietic malignancies, promoting tumor cell proliferation and survival. NFkB is constitutively active in most tumor cell lines, whether derived from hematopoietic or solid tumors. However, recent evidence suggests that NFκB plays a tumor suppressor role in certain cancers through the transcriptional activation of the Fas ligand.
Methods: In this article, the role of NFκB signaling pathway in cancer has been investigated, and the articles from 2015 to 2022 have been reviewed from Pubmed and Science Direct databases.
Results: The nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) family of transcription factors plays an essential role as stressors in the cellular environment and controls the expression of important regulatory genes such as immunity, inflammation, cell death, and proliferation. NF-κB protein is located in the cytoplasm and can be activated by various cellular stimuli. There are two pathways for NF-κB activation, canonical and non-canonical pathways, which require complex molecular interactions with adapter proteins and phosphorylation and ubiquitinase enzymes. Accordingly, it increases NF-κB translocation into the nucleus and regulates gene expression. Two signaling pathways lead to NFkB activation, known as the canonical (classical) pathway and the non-canonical pathway (alternative pathway).
Conclusion: Cancer is a group of cells that grow malignantly and multiply uncontrollably. Currently, cancer treatment methods mainly include surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy. However, the therapeutic effects of these treatments have so far been limited by the specific characteristics of tumors. Abnormal activation of signaling pathways is involved in tumor pathogenesis and plays an important role in cancer growth, progression and recurrence. Targeted therapies against factors affecting oncogenic signaling have improved the outcomes of cancer patients. NFκB is an important signaling pathway involved in the pathogenesis and treatment of cancer. Overactivation of the NFκB signaling pathway has been documented in various tumor tissues, and studies on this signaling pathway have become a hot topic for targeted cancer therapy. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) is a key regulator of immune development, immune responses, inflammation, and cancer.