Introduction: Antibiotics frequently lose their potency over time as a result of the formation and spread of drug resistance in bacterial infections. Up to billions of dollars, more in medical expenses are incurred each year as a result of the so-called "antibiotic resistance crisis" and iatrogenic diseases brought on by bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. It is critically important to find novel antibacterial agents and therapeutic approaches in light of this dire situation. Based on their own distinctive physical and chemical properties, nanoparticles offer a universal platform for therapeutic applications and treat drug-resistant microorganisms. Antibacterial agents are projected to be replaced by the antibacterial activity displayed by nanomaterials such as silver, gold, copper, titanium, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide. Investigating the efficiency of gold nanoparticles against bacterial resistance was the goal of this investigation.
Methods: This study was conducted on the subject of Investigating the effectiveness of gold nanoparticles against bacterial resistance, by collecting content from Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed sites
Results: According to the findings of numerous research, gold nanoparticles are particularly desirable in a variety of medical disciplines because of their adaptable size, shape, surface properties, optical properties, biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, high stability, and potential for multiple uses. Some researchers have already used gold nanoparticles (GNP) in tests on gum disease, dental caries, tissue engineering, dental implantology, and cancer diagnostics due to their nanostructure, high surface volume properties, and biocompatibility. Since GNP contains antifungal and antibacterial action, it can be added to some biological materials to give them antibacterial qualities, enhancing their suitability for various applications. Using gold nanoparticles as carriers for antibacterial medications, antibacterial drugs can connect to nanoparticles via noncovalent or covalent bonding, enhancing the antibacterial effects of the pharmaceuticals by improving their ability to reach the site of action. Under continuous laser irradiation, the photothermal effects of gold nanoparticles can serve as sterilizing agents. Gold is thought to be a benign nanomaterial, but the chemicals used to prepare and modify it might be poisonous. When gold nanoparticle concentrations are high, this toxicity may become apparent, although gold nanoparticles have an antimicrobial impact. They did not have harmful effects on healthy cells in certain quantities. Modified gold nanoparticles not only demonstrate good antibacterial activity against standard strains but also have unique antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria. After multiple generations of cultivation, it is not easy to induce bacteria that are resistant to gold nanoparticles.
Conclusion: Nowadays, with the quick advancement of nanoscience and nanotechnology, it has been suggested alternatives to conventional approaches for individuals to identify, fend against, and defeat a variety of ailments. Currently, silver and gold nanoparticles (AgNPs and AuNPs, respectively) have been developed as metal nanoparticles, which have many uses in the medical and pharmaceutical industries, including antibacterial and antibiofilm properties, drug delivery systems, diagnostic tools, and personal care and cosmetic products.