Physiological Modulators Of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Mobilization
Physiological Modulators Of Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells Mobilization
Reyhaneh Abriyan,1,*Amir Atashi,2
1. Student Research Committee, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran 2. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
Introduction: Peripheral blood hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), are widely used for both autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation as a widely procedure to treat malignant and nonmalignant diseases of the blood and bone marrow (BM).
HSPC mobilization involves a multifaceted and complex interaction of HSPCs and stromal and hematopoietic niche cells, as well as an array of proinflammatory cytokines (such as granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor(G-CSF), TNFα, IFNα, IL-1, IL-6 ), chemokines, and small molecules. In addition, BM contains various types of hematopoietic cells (such as neutrophils, macrophages, osteoclasts, and red blood cells) and non-hematopoietic cells (including MSCs, ECs, and osteoprogenitors) that contribute to HSPC mobilization. There is a complex interaction between hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic compartments in BM, which leads to the maintenance and support of HSCs in the BM niche through chemokines and adhesion molecules, such as CXCL12 and SCF.
Methods: Agents such as G-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), SCF, and AMD3100 have been approved for HSPC mobilization in the clinical setting, as well as other agents, such as inhibitors of IL-8, FL, VCAM-1/VLA-4, S1P agonists , and Hyperbaric oxygen therapy have been tested mainly in experimental animal studies.
Over the past two decades, the use of HSPCs mobilized with G-CSF has increased and has largely replaced BM as a source of stem cells for transplantation, and the development of this method facilitates transplantation. Although the administration of G-CSF to It is generally safe and serious side effects are rare, but it also has limitations, including the necessity for prolonged parenteral administration and suboptimal efficiency in certain groups of patients.
Results: Identifying methods that can collectively affect the many mechanisms underlying HSPC mobilization may lead to significant improvements in HSPC mobilization methods and subsequent transplantation outcomes. Ideally, collective HSPC-stimulating agents can be titrated to the required dose of peripheral blood HSPCs, have an excellent safety profile, can be administered as a single dose, and are inexpensive.
Conclusion: All in all, as presented, there are wide variety of mobilization inducers with different potencies that can provide the stem cells needed for bone marrow transplantation.