The effect of FGF/FGFR, MAPK/ERK, and NF-kB signaling pathways on multiple sclerosis and the role of tissue engineering strategies in its treatment:A Narrative Review
The effect of FGF/FGFR, MAPK/ERK, and NF-kB signaling pathways on multiple sclerosis and the role of tissue engineering strategies in its treatment:A Narrative Review
Faezeh hosseinzadeh,1Leila naserpoor,2,*Mohadeseh Khoshandam,3Hoda Fazaeli,4
1. Department of Tissue Engineering, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 2. Department of Tissue Engineering, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran 3. Department of Reproductive Biology, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Qom branch, Iran 4. Department of Mesenchymal Stem Cells, the Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Research, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran
Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory disorder that frequently causes impairment in young people. Treatment options are limited and often only somewhat effective. The condition is most likely caused by a complicated interplay between numerous genes and environmental variables, which results in CNS inflammation. In autoimmune illnesses like MS, three main pathways have been shown to play a key role: the FGF/ FGFR and MAPK/ ERK and NF-kB signaling pathways. Recent researches on postmortem tissues suggest that we'll go through some recent advances in the role of FGF signaling pathway in MS, since it modulates inflammation and myelination in MS. The role of MAPK pathways in neurodegeneration, particularly MAPK/ ERK, has previously been indicated in preclinical studies. In MS lesions, activation of the NF-kB induction reservoir in macrophages might improve the inflammatory response by controlling the participation of NF-kB-controlled adhesion molecules and cytokines, implying a cure for MS.
Methods: In this review article, 115 valid articles from PubMed and Google Scholar databases were examined and the best articles were selected. The search keywords includedMultiple sclerosis, FGF / FGFR, MAPK / ERK, NF-kB, Tissue engineering.
Results: specific receptor manipulation of the FGF/ FGFR, MAPK/ ERK, and NF-kB signaling pathways presents a novel therapeutic paradigm that might lead to new insights into MS pathogenesis and significant implications for successful therapy.
Conclusion: specific receptor manipulation of the FGF/ FGFR, MAPK/ ERK, and NF-kB signaling pathways presents a novel therapeutic paradigm that might lead to new insights into MS pathogenesis and significant implications for successful therapy.