• Investigating the titer of IgG and IgA antibodies caused by the injection of Covid-19 vaccines in breast milk. Systematic review
  • Mohammad Mahdi Behzadifar,1,*
    1. Student, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Paramedicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran


  • Introduction: Breastfeeding is an optimal way to provide nutrients needed by babies and shape their immune systems. Breast milk-derived immune components are associated with a wide range of enteric and respiratory pathogens that the infant will encounter. Immune cells such as B and T lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, natural killer (NK) cells, and antibodies such as IgA, IgG, and IgM can be found in breast milk. Novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major threat to global health. Until August 17, 2022, the number of people who injected at least one dose of vaccine in the world was 5,333,933,998 people. This study aims to investigate the level of immunogenicity of breast milk caused by the injection of covid 19 vaccine for covid 19 disease.
  • Methods: In this systematic review study, a search was conducted using keywords: breast milk, covid-19, corona vaccine and by extracting similar words from the MeSH database in the Google Scholar, and Pubmed databases until August 20, 2022. The inclusion criteria were articles that measured IgA and IgG antibodies caused by the injection of two doses of AstraZeneca, Pfizer, and Moderna Covid-19 vaccines in breast milk, and the study must be published in English. The exclusion criterion was the lack of access to the full file of the articles.
  • Results: In this study, a total of 7 articles were extracted according to the selected conditions. The total number of people in these 7 articles was 405. The average age of the mothers was 34.2 years when they participated in the study and they were breastfeeding their babies. The average of IgG antibodies attached to breast milk was 97 and the average of IgA antibodies attached to breast milk was 30.2. Immunoglobins isolated from breast milk showed microneutralizing activity against SARS-CoV-2. No special side effects were recorded in the mother and her child. 18 babies developed a fever after the mother injected the vaccine.
  • Conclusion: As mentioned, in addition to meeting the baby's nutritional needs, breast milk helps to form their immune system. Although the immunoglobulins caused by the injection of the vaccine are low in breast milk, it gives the baby the ability to fight the corona disease. According to the statistics of one of the studies, in the worst-case scenario, 0.667% of the original vaccine dose is transferred in 100 ml of human milk given to the baby after vaccination. Our suggestion to the managers of the health and treatment system is to follow up and supervise as much as possible on the completion of vaccination of mothers who have infants.
  • Keywords: Breast milk, Corona vaccine, Covid 19 disease