Diet and osteosarcopenic obesity: a potential for therapeutic application
Diet and osteosarcopenic obesity: a potential for therapeutic application
Mohammad Mehdi Khaleghi,1,*Hadith Tangestani,2Zeinab Rafinezhad,3Lale shaabani,4Ali Jaberi,5
1. Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 2. Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 3. Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 4. Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran 5. Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
Introduction: Osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome describes a decrease in skeletal muscle strength and bone mass and an increase in adipose tissue at the same time. So far, many preventive and therapeutic methods for OSO have been studied. The best of them in terms of having the least side effects and minimizing social and economic costs is to follow a proper diet and physical activity. Accordingly, in current study we aimed to examine the dietary factors associated with this syndrome.
Methods: The keywords including osteosarcopenia, nutrition, diet and osteosarcopenic adiposity were searched in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar search engines until April 2022. After evaluating the quality of the data, 14 articles examining the relationship between dietary factors and OSO were entered the study and reviewed.
Results: Literature reviews showed, adequate dietary intakes of protein (1 gr/kg/day, high quality and branched-chain amino acids), low-fat dairy (especially fermented such as yogurt and cheese), fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, seeds, berries and prunes are associated negatively with OSO. Moreover, the diets rich in micronutrients such as vitamin D, K, E, Calcium (from dairy or non-dairy), potassium, Magnesium and omega-3 fatty acids (from vegetable or animal sources) reverse the risk of OSO. On the other hand, excessive consumption of phosphorus, sodium, iron (mostly in processed foods and red meat), trans fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, omega-6 fatty acids, fructose (not in fruits) and refined grains increase the risk of OSO. Furthermore, preventing sudden weight loss, malnutrition, lack of energy, obesity and getting enough sleep (normal circadian rhythm) and exercise (yoga, pilates and tai chi) can be useful in managing and improving osteosarcopenia.
Conclusion: Diet can well changed the pathological aspects of osteoporosis, sarcopenia and obesity. This proves the need for more care and lifestyle modification during this period. Also, more comprehensive research is needed to better understand these relationships and to take appropriate interventions to remove barriers to rehabilitation.