Introduction: The natural immune system composed of different cells including neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, basophils, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells (NK). The complement system is activated and numerous cytokines are secreted as an inflammatory response to infection and inflammation. Immunity consists of extremely integrated cells susceptible to surrounding factors [1]. The lymphoid system is widely localised in the gut and those cells are particularly sensitive to metabolites induced from nutrients and products induced from microbiota and they also modulate the activation and function of the cells. Approximately 70% of the cells in the immune system and over 90% of the Ig producing cells in human body are localised in the intestines. 2.5*1010 lymphoid cells are seen in bone marrow, spleen and lymph nodes while 8.5* 1010 Ig producing cells were described in the gut-related lymphoid tissue. For these reason gut is the largestimmune organ where nutrients have the first contact with immunecell receptors and their effects occurred on the immune system [2].Nutritional immunology was identified for the first time in theearly 19th century by the identification of an atrophy of thethymus in a malnourished patient. Progressive developments inmolecular studies in the field of nutritional immunity or immunonutritionaldiscipline have been observed during the lastdecade [1,3].
Methods: we use articles.
Results: After investigations, we found thatcellular stress may be of pathogenic, nutritional, oncogenic or physical origin. Cellular stress includes principal reflection, such as response to DNA damage, tumor suppressor genes and activation of aging. In contrast, the secondary response to cellular stress is the activation of immune system, and natural killer cells (NK) may indirectly activate the immune system. However, intrinsic responses can directly activate the immune system; and it was also demonstrated that some chemotherapies could not be effective without the presence of an immune system.
Conclusion: In conclusion, cellular stress may be of pathogenic, nutritional,oncogenic or physical origin. Cellular stress includes principalreflection, such as response to DNA damage, tumor suppressorgenes and activation of aging. In contrast, the secondary responseto cellular stress is the activation of immune system, and naturalkiller cells (NK) may indirectly activate the immune system. However,intrinsic responses can directly activate the immune system;and it was also demonstrated that some chemotherapies could notbe effective without the presence of an immune system.
This raises a question: to approach more specific and morereliable treatments for the activation of intrinsic and extrinsic responses,how can we use the effectiveness of therapeutic agents? Inaddition to these therapeutic agents, positive roles played by nutrientsin the immune system should not be forgotten. However,one should consider that the positive effect of nutrients is producedat the correct dose, in the correct form, and through the correctdelivery of the condition.
A better understanding of the mechanisms related to nutrientsand the immune system is an exciting and promising field for thefuture. The development of broad spectrum of studies in this fieldand improvement of clinical results with medical diet models maysupport the development of further strategies related with microbiotaand immunity.