Introduction: Biofilms are known as adhesive microbial structures that form on various surfaces. These structures consist of a population of bacteria, fungi, alginate, and other biological materials that interact with each other and form a layered structure on different surfaces. Dental biofilms are one of the most common types of biofilms that form on teeth and can lead to dental caries and periodontal diseases.
Methods: The formation of dental biofilms is a complex process that involves the interaction between bacteria, saliva, and the tooth surface. The initial attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface is mediated by specific adhesins that bind to receptors on the tooth surface. Once attached, bacteria start to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), which form the matrix of the biofilm. The EPS matrix provides protection for bacteria against antimicrobial agents and host defenses.
Results: Prevention and treatment of dental biofilms are critical for maintaining good oral health. Various methods have been developed to control dental biofilms, including mechanical removal by brushing and flossing, chemical agents such as mouthwashes, and antimicrobial agents such as antibiotics. However, these methods have limitations in terms of efficacy and safety.
Conclusion: New approaches to prevent and treat dental biofilms are needed. One promising approach is the use of natural compounds such as plant extracts and essential oils, which have antimicrobial properties and are safe for oral use. Another approach is the use of probiotics, which can compete with pathogenic bacteria and prevent their colonization. Future research should focus on developing new strategies to prevent and treat dental biofilms.