• Helicobacter pylori and its Gastric cancer related factors.
  • Hanieh Safarzadeh,1 Mina Shirmohammadpour,2 Bahman Mirzaei,3,*
    1. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
    2. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
    3. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran


  • Introduction: Cancer is a complex disease that usually deevlops over time through multiple steps. Inflammation caused by bacteria is a significant contributor to the development of cancer. The inflammation can increase cell division, leading to cancer growth.Not all bacterial strains are carcinogenic, but some can be. For instance, H. pylori has been known to cause GC.Over 90% of patients with GC have either a current or previous H. pylori infection.
  • Methods: Several virulence-related genes have been identified in the Helicobacter pylori genome, including cagA, vacA, iceA, babA, dupA, hpaA. The development of GC is associated with H. pylori virulence factors.
  • Results: Nearly all cases of GC are caused by H. pylori infection. Eradicating H. pylori can prevent GC progression. Quadruple therapy (bismuth quadruple and concomitant) is the recommended first-line treatment. However, antibiotic resistance is becoming more prevalent and is often the reason for treatment failure.
  • Conclusion: The causes of gastric cancer are varied and involve environmental, genetic, and epigenetic factors as well as host-related issues. While H. pylori infection is necessary, it alone is not enough to cause gastric cancer. Lifestyle changes and dietary habits can also help to reduce the incidence of GC. It is important to identify high-risk patients and offer personalized therapy by targeting precursor lesions as part of prevention strategies.
  • Keywords: H. pylori, Gastric cancer, Related virulence factor to GC.