• Comparative study of the effect of dried extract of Citrullus colocynthis in the form of ointment in type 2 diabetes compared to metformin.
  • Saeed feyzbabaei cheshmeh sefid,1,* Fatemh wahaddost ,2
    1. Bachelor of vet Laboratory Science, Faculty of Para Veterinary Medicine, Ilam University - Iran - Iran
    2. Ilam university, Faculty of Paraveterinary Medicine, ilam, iran


  • Introduction: Citrullus colocynthis Aboljahl watermelon with the scientific name Citrullus colocynthis is one of the medicinal plants that have been used by humans since the beginning of time, especially in the geographical location of Iran, and genetically, they are one of the most diverse genetic groups among their family groups1. Genetically, it is very diverse and it is extremely resistant in hot and dry regions2 and it is also extremely sensitive to cold and it is in the same family as gourd, cucumber and gourd4. Iran, Sudan, Arabia have more biological distribution than other places 6. This medicinal plant is used in many diseases such as rheumatism, asthma, leprosy, joint pain, some cancers, and in some cases skin inflammations. The abundance of this plant is the highest in the deserts of Pakistan. In terms of the composition of this type of fruit, the plant has many biocompounds, including glycosides, alkaloids, carbohydrates, and flamoids7, which can be attributed to the therapeutic effect of this plant. Type 2 diabetes: This type of diabetes is a type of physical disorder that occurs with the occurrence of hyperglycemia, one of the risk factors of which is obesity, which is called immobility. Due to the lack of sufficient metabolism, the blood glucose level rises and the body is unable to regulate blood sugar through metabolism. 9 and this type of diabetes can cause many problems, including blindness and amputation. 10 On the other hand, despite the lack of knowledge of the people about this disease, temporary and non-scientific treatments have also fueled the increase of this type of disease. and increase the number of type 2 diabetes all over the world 11. Type 2 diabetes may remain asymptomatic in the body for years, and if the necessary conditions arise to induce itself into the body, it will start to work due to one of the risk factors12. and the cause of tooth decay, severe weakness of body mass, and these factors cause It is possible that the muscles of the person suffering from this disease gradually become atrophied 13 and the body of the affected person becomes weak 14. According to one of the native uses of this type of berley fruit, reducing diabetes in people with type 2 diabetes, in this research, an attempt is made to create a low-risk, easy-to-use alternative to metformin tablets in the form of an ointment, and the result Let's check
  • Methods: First, 30 male rats were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin solution from Sigma company for 10 days in the amount of 0.5cc to all rats, and after 15 days, they were diagnosed by measuring their glucose levels. Using 30 male mice of the breed with a weight of about 250 to 300 grams, they were selected and divided into three groups. Group A only received ointment with a concentration of 20%. The second group or group B received ointment with a concentration of 40%, and group C received metformin tablet solution in the form of 3cc of a saturated solution of metformin tablets. The desired amount to confirm the infection. In rats, blood glucose was 150 or higher. To prepare these concentrations, 20 g of Abu Jahl watermelon dry extract was mixed from 80 g of cold gram, and 60 g of cold gram and 40 g of dried extract of this fruit were used for 40% concentration. Preparation of extract: To prepare the concentrated extract, the extracting process was carried out in 8 hours using a soxole machine and hydroalcoholic solvent. In the next step, the obtained extract was concentrated with the help of a rotary evaporator and stored in a dark place away from sunlight for 24 hours. We set it for an hour, then with the help of a freeze dryer, the concentrated extract was turned into extract powder. Preparation of metformin solution: 5 ml of distilled water was poured into the test tubes and after measuring, one metformin 500 tablet was poured into each of the tubes and mixed with a laboratory shaker until a cloudy solution was obtained. Preparation of ointments: To prepare the ointments, we mixed the extract powder using cold cream in 100 gr packages and stirred well to obtain a homogeneous mixture. After confirming the diabetes of the mice, the treatment process was started on the 15th day. And this treatment was done in the morning and in the evening, for the ointment in the lumbar area, it was first shaved with a razor and the ointment was applied to this place twice a day, and the results were measured and analyzed for ten days.
  • Results: During the research process, the blood glucose of the rats was measured daily and the results are shown in the following tables. According to the figures obtained from these graphs, the 40% ointment performed better than the 20% ointment and was able to create a proportional downward trend in the blood glucose level of the rats, but considering that this type of use of the proposed medicine It is topical and easy to use, and its slight difference with metformin, which is one of the main drugs in the treatment of diabetes, can be expected that the extract of this plant can be used as a glucose reducer in people with diabetes or temporary hyperglycemia. .
  • Conclusion: In a research conducted by Rahman et al. in 2020, the anti-diabetic effect of this fruit ointment on diabetes in rats was confirmed15 and also in 2022, the lipid factors and useful alkaloids of this plant were investigated on diabetes and its influence. It was confirmed 16. In 2020, in a research on the fruit of this plant, they were able to confirm the high antioxidant and anti-diabetic properties of this fruit. 17. In 2022, Mahmoud et al. They confirmed 18. According to the research done, it can be concluded that this fruit can be used as a blood sugar reducing agent even topically, but it cannot be considered as a substitute for the main drugs for the treatment of this disease, the reason can be that in people who have hyperglycemia and their blood glucose level is very high, and the mechanism of reducing blood glucose of this plant is not yet known precisely, it cannot be used as a medicine.
  • Keywords: Diabetes,, antidiabetic, traditional medicine, medicinal plants, Citrullus colocynthis