مقالات پذیرفته شده در هفتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
The function and importance of Crisper technique in the treatment of Brest cancer
The function and importance of Crisper technique in the treatment of Brest cancer
Zahra shakeri,1,*
1. BA student, Tehran, Azad University, Shahr Ray branch
Introduction: Advances in the treatment of breast cancers (BCs) have led to significant improvements in the overall survival of patients. Local therapies, including surgery and radiotherapy, in conjunction with adjuvant targeted therapies and chemotherapy are the mainstays of BC treatment. in contrast to earlier genome editing systems, which mediate sequence recognition through protein-DNA interactions, the CRISPR/Cas system uses an RNA molecule to mediate binding. It is derived from a prokaryotic adaptive immune system protecting against invading viruses and plasmids and is composed of CRISPR loci, comprised of alternating repeat-spacer units, and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins. Immunisation occurs in three stages: (i) adaptation, in which invading nucleic acids are cleaved by a complex of Cas endonucleases and the resulting fragments, called protospacers, are integrated into CRISPR loci between identical repeats; (ii) expression, in which the locus is transcribed into pre-CRISPR RNA (pre-crRNA) and processed into individual CRISPR RNA (crRNA) molecules; and (iii) interference, where the crRNA directs a single Cas endonuclease or a protein complex to cleave the foreign nucleic acids. The aim of this study was to evaluate the function and importance of the Crisper technique in the treatment of breast cancer.
Methods: This is a review that was conducted by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and Google with the subject of the function and importance of the Crisper technique in the treatment of Brest cancer
Results: The result showed Genome editing system is based on the use of engineered nucleases composed of sequence-specific DNA-binding domains fused to a non-specific DNA cleavage module These chimeric nucleases induce DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) that stimulate the cellular DNA mechanisms, including error-prone non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) Several approaches have been used in the last years as genome editing technologies. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer in women at the global level and the highest mortality rate has been observed with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Accumulation of genetic lesions aberrant gene expression and protein degradation are considered to underlie the onset of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Therefore, the challenge to identify the genes and molecules that could be potentially used as potent biomarkers for personalized medicine against TNBC with minimal or no associated side effects. Discovery of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) arrangement and an increasing repertoire of its new variants has provided a much-needed fillip towards editing TNBC genomes.
Conclusion: the recent availability of genome-editing tools such as CRISPR-Cas9 is an important means of advancing functional studies of breast cancer through the incorporation, elimination, and modification of somatic mutations and fusion genes in cell lines and mouse models. These tools not only broaden the understanding of the involvement of various genetic alterations in the pathogenesis of the disease but also identify new therapeutic targets for future clinical trials.