مقالات پذیرفته شده در هفتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
The gut immune system effect on cardiovascular disease
The gut immune system effect on cardiovascular disease
Mohammad Javad Haratizadeh,1,*Mahdi Soroushianfar,2
1. Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran 2. Graduate Student, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
Introduction: Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with significant changes in the human gut microbiota, particularly in conditions such as coronary atherosclerotic heart disease, hypertension, and heart failure. Immune mechanisms are important to maintain the dynamic balance between the gut microbiota and the host. to the immune system, when that balance is disturbed by either of these changes in the host, it can cause varying degrees of damage to the host, leading to progressive disease progression over time. This review provides insight into the immune mechanisms associated with the gut microbiota and its metabolites in general cardiovascular disease. It explores how dysfunction of the gut-cardiac axis contributes to CVD progression and describes current effective approaches to modulate the gut microbiota as a potential treatment strategy for CVD.
Methods: Five databases were comprehensively searched to identify articles published between January 2002 and January 2023 on the role of the gut immune system in cardiovascular disease. A total of 500 studies were funded using the keywords cardiovascular disease, immune system, gut immunity, and gut immunity. 100 went to read the whole text. The search included 25 relevant articles with full abstracts.
Results: The role of the gut microbiota is closely related to the likelihood of cardiovascular disease. The development of cardiovascular diseases due to physiological disturbances of the intestinal microflora involves three main processes: deterioration of the integrity of the mucosal barrier, excessive inflammation, and dysfunction of the immune system. Structural components present in Gram-negative bacteria, especially LPS, maybe the main cause of intracellular toxicity and impairment of intestinal mucosal barrier function. LPS may be associated with the occurrence of cardiometabolic disorders. Additionally, studies have shown that a high-fat diet can reduce the number of gram-positive bifidobacteria in the gastrointestinal tract and increase the number of LPS-containing gut bacteria, both of which contribute to obesity. , which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Importantly, long-term subcutaneous LPS infusion altered their glucose metabolism and weight gain in a manner similar to that of a high-fat diet. Consequently, intestinal dysbiosis and related changes in metabolic products lead to insulin resistance, increased adipose tissue deposition, and abnormal nutrient metabolism, increasing the likelihood of developing cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and diabetes.
Conclusion: The relationship between cardiovascular disease and gut microbiota and their metabolites has gradually gained recognition, with several distinct features associated with gut microbiota composition and metabolite profiles that are closely intertwined with the host's innate and adaptive immune system, mostly through interactions with bacterial components. . and metabolites are initially the first line of defense as physical barriers, while immune cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils bind to the gut microbiota and its metabolites. These interactions may have deleterious effects that may accelerate the progression of the microbial gut-heart axis concept in cardiovascular disease. explain the relationship between gut microbiota and cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the role of dysbiosis and bacterial translocation theories, resulting in therapies such as dietary modification, antibiotics, probiotics and transplantation of faecal microbiota from healthy donors currently being used or considered. used in clinical settings to relieve clinical symptoms. and prevent the progression of cardiovascular disease, but further investigation into the complex mechanisms underlying cardiovascular disease caused by certain metabolites (eg, trimethylamine oxide tmao) is warranted. In addition, the interaction between intestinal microorganisms and metabolic products of the host immune system is a promising new tool for prevention and metabolism. Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases The main goal of investigating the immune mechanisms linking CVD and the gut microbiota and its metabolites is to provide potential guidance for the development of versatile and effective cardiovascular therapies.