bahareh sheykholeslami khoshal,1saman hakimian,2,*
1. M.sc student of Microbiology Islamic Azad University chalus Branch,Iran,mazandaran 2. M.sc student of Microbiology Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch,Iran,Tehran
Introduction: Introduction:
The number of patients with GH has increased by 30% over the past 10 years. The main role in the etiology of HSV belongs to HSV type 2 (HSV-2), but the pathogens of this pathology can become both HSV type 1 (HSV–1) and a combination of both types of herpes simplex virus.HSV-1 is mainly transmitted by oral-to-oral contact, whereas HSV-2 is almost exclusively transmitted sexually, causing genital herpes.HSV-2 has a key role in fueling the HIV epidemic and, although rare, HSV-1 and HSV-2 are associated with devastating outcomes when ac- quired during pregnancy, both among women and neonates. Upon primary infection, HSV will start its lytic replication cycle in epithelial cells, causing cold sores (mostly HSV-1) or genital sores (HSV-2). Eventually, the virus will invade sensory neurons, traveling retrogradely to the soma and establishing latency, particularly in the trigeminal and sacral ganglia for HSV-1 and HSV-2, respectively. From here, the virus can occasionally reactivate and travel anterogradely to the primary infection site, causing recurrence of the sores or genital herpes and enabling transmission to the next host. However, on rare occasions, HSV will instead invade the central nervous system (CNS), either during primary infection or at reactivation, thereby giving rise to herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE), brainstem encephalitis, or aseptic meningitis Analysis of systemrevealedatic studies among patients with COVID-19 revealed incidence rates of HSV reactivation detected by PCR technique, which can range from 12% to 83%.also Various studies have shown a higher prevalence of HSV infection or reactivation among cancer patients . For instance, the reactivation of HSV-1 was significantly associated with chemo-induced oral mucositis; however, whether HSV plays a major causative role in oral mucositis remains inconclusive.
Methods: Methods:
These drugs help to speed healing of ulcers in people who have just been infected or in those who are having repeat outbreaks,fortunately consistent use of fungin ointment in the treatment and prevention of relapses of recurrent genital herpes showed high effectiveness in relieving symptoms in most patients, longterm remission was achieved, good tolerability was noted, and there were no complications. Some people who have herpes outbreaks take medicine every day to prevent future outbreaks or prevent spread to their sex partner. There are ways to lowerl the risk of being infected with genital herpes. People should use a latex condom every time they have sex. Sex (oral, vaginal, and anal) is not recommended if a person has blisters or ulcers. Several vaccines and drug trials are in progress against HSV. They provide a promising therapeutic potential in individual studies. However, no profound and specific therapy has been established until now that could tackle the problem of HSV infection worldwide.
Results: Result:
While symptoms of genital herpes can be managed and transmission to sexual part- ners prevented with antiviral therapy, novel therapies with new mechanisms of action will improve our ability to care for patients. Given that genital herpes affects a substantial proportion of adults, ongoing research to advance the field is urgently needed. According to the studies carried out in the United States ,finland,germany,Saudi Arabia and Iran,with the increase of age the transmission of HSV is elevated to a great extent,the prevalence of HSV-1 antibodies in girls was lower than boys and also individuals with lower education was more susceptible to HSV infection.
Conclusion: Conclusion:
The need is to establish more coordinated and integrated studies with the cooperation of scientists, doctors, and pharmacies to take drug testing one step ahead in clinical practice. This is important because the expected viral mutations present the threat of the development of another HSV mutant that could then become another complication for HSV treatment and prevention. Therefore, the most effective approach for future therapeutic development will be to develop modern drug-design approaches such as those based on plant products and nanotechnology, and to carry out more combined therapies for large-scale and broad-spectrum antiviral and immunostimulatory effects. so that HSV complications can be successfully addressed in the coming years.
Keywords: Herpes simplex virus
Epi.Cells
Virus
Review article
Cancer
Ovary