Fabrication and characterization of fresh Osteochondral scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering
Fabrication and characterization of fresh Osteochondral scaffold for cartilage tissue engineering
Sara Tabatabaee,1,*Mahsa Delyanee,2Reza Samanipour,3Amirhossein Tavakoli,4
1. Bio-Computing Department, Interdisciplinary Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2. Biomedical Engineering Department, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 3. Research and Development Department, Iranian Tissue Product Company, Tehran, Iran 4. Iranian Tissue Bank & Research Center, Gene, Cell, and Tissue Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Introduction: Regarding the worldwide undeniable privilege of Cartilaginous joint injuries and insufficient repairability of the native cartilage tissue in case of defect occurrence because of a lack of adequate blood vessels and nutrition delivery, achieving a suitable approach for cartilage regeneration has become challenging in the last decade. Benefiting from allograft fresh osteochondral scaffold which contains living cells may be presented as a novel method for the treatment of cartilage injuries, osteoarthritis, etc.
Methods: The methods of providing osteochondral tissue were carried out according to the guidelines of Euro GTP, AATB, ISO 13485 quality management system, and the requirements of the Medical Equipment Administration of Iran. In this procedure, donors between the ages of 15 and 40 were screened based on their medical history and serology tests to ensure a lack of any bioburden (such as bacteria, yeast, mold, etc.) or hazardous viruses (such as HIV, HCV, HTLV1, etc.). Osteochondral tissue was harvested from brain-dead donors in less than 6 hours and produced in a class B cleanroom under aseptic conditions in dimensions of 10 mm. The microstructure of the graft was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The osteochondral scaffold was evaluated for the survival of living cells by the DAPI staining until 28 days of processing.
Results: The serology as well as the bioburden assays demonstrated the absence of any risk-causing microorganisms. The resulted structure according to the SEM images seemed integral resembling an efficient osseocartilaginous tissue. Based on the obtained DAPI images, intact cell nuclei were observed on both bone and cartilage phases until 28 days after harvesting which could be evidence of the scaffold repairability due to cellular proliferation and eventually cartilage regeneration in case of implanting in the defect.
Conclusion: Fabricating fresh osteochondral scaffold could be a promising procedure for ameliorating cartilaginous diseases due to its repairability which was evidenced in vitro.