The association between ox-LDL and cancer: an emerging targeted therapeutic approach
The association between ox-LDL and cancer: an emerging targeted therapeutic approach
Samin Ghorbani Moghadam,1Mehrshad Ebrahim pour,2Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh,3,*
1. School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2. School of pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 3. 1Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
Introduction: Lipids play an important role in varying vital cellular processes including cell growth and division. Elevated levels of LDL and oxidized-LDL and overexpression of the corresponding receptors including LDL receptor (LDLR), lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) and the cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36), showed a strong correlation with different facets of carcinogenesis including proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. Further, the high serum level of LOX-1 is considered as a poor prognostic factor in many types of cancers including colorectal cancer.
Methods: Among the research papers published on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases between 2000 and 2023, the most relevant ones concerning the correlation between "ox-LDL," "cancer," and other pertinent phrases have been chosen.
Results: Ox-LDL could contribute to cancer progression and metastasis through endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and autophagy. Thus, many studies shed light on the significant role of ox-LDL as a suitable therapeutic target for cancer therapy. In Various repurposing approaches anti-dyslipidemia agents, phytochemicals, autophagy modulators as well as recently developed LDL nanoparticles have been investigated as potential tumor therapeutic agents by targeting oxidized-LDL/LOX-1 pathways. Herein, we have provided a concise summarization of the role of oxidized-LDL and LOX-1 in cancer progression, invasion, metastasis formation, and also cancer-associated angiogenesis. Further, we have addressed the therapeutic utility of several compounds that proved to be capable of targeting the metabolic moieties in cancer.
Conclusion: This review provides insights into the potential impact of targeting LDL and ox-LDL in cancer therapy and their future biomedical implementations.