Negar Foroudian,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Bachelor of Microbiology student of Arak Azad University 2. M.sc student of Microbiology Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Iran , Tehran
Introduction: Botulinum toxin or Botox is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Closterium Botolinum that grows and mostly reproduced in canned foods. There are 8 serotypes of this toxin, that the type A is used for cosmetic purposes.
The toxin blocks the release of acetylcholine, causing local muscle paralysis. The toxin diffuses through tissues until it selectively and reversibly binds to the pre-synaptic end of the neuromuscular junction followed by attachment to specific protein membranes involved in acetylcholine secretion. The toxin Immediately inhibits the release of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, resulting in reversible local relaxation of the muscles and a reduction in facial wrinkles/lines. This usually occurs from 24 hours after the toxin has been injected, to about 2 weeks after the procedure. This effect of the injection can be seen for about 3-6 months.
Since the 1980s, they approved and started using Botox for the first time in the United States and then in 12 other countries. The experts came to the conclusion that although excessive amounts of this poison can be fatal for humans, its measured and permitted amounts can have many uses for them.
Methods: Currently, Botox is a leading non-surgical aesthetic treatment worldwide to reduce facial wrinkles, including glabellar lines(frowning lines between the two eyebrows), forehead lines and periorbital wrinkles.
In order to investigate this issue in more detail, pay attention to this experiment: In an experiment in 2010, they examined the presence of lines and wrinkles on the faces of identical twin sisters and the effect of Botox injections. In this experiment, one of the sisters performed botox injections for 13 years and 2-3 times a year, and the other only 2 times a year for 7 years.
The results were as follows: forehead lines and glabellar lines were not visible in the sister who had regular and longer treatment, but they were clearly visible in the other sister.
Also, when smiling and even 7 months after the injection, less crow’s feet wrinkles were seen in the person who had better treatment.No severe side effects were seen in any of them.
In addition to beauty, Botox is also used to treat many diseases, like for people who have Eye problems such as uncontrollable blinking ,Severe muscle cramps (spasticity disease), Migraine and overactive bladder.
Results: As mentioned, Botox can be used to treat migraines. Of course, this injection will only be done for those who have headaches for more than 15 days a month and with the doctor's consultation. Here we examine a trial that shows how effective Botox is in treating migraines.
In 2015, 106 patients—mostly women—who sought Botox treatment for both facial lines and headache disorders, or were considering Botox treatment for migraine headaches, were tested. Botox was injected in the glabellar, temporal lobe and forehead areas.
Conclusion: Although botox injection is suitable for most people without problems, it is not suitable for people with certain conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to consult with the doctor before the injection and provide him with your medical history so that you can refrain from Botox injection if necessary.
Botox treatment is not recommended for It should also be noted that although the use of this treatment is allowed for most people, it is prohibited for some people.
Now that you have obtained information about this treatment and some important issues, it is necessary to examine its short-term and long-term side effects.