Fateme sadat Hashemi pasand,1Saman Hakimian,2,*
1. Bachelor of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan branch 2. M.sc student of Microbiology Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch,Iran,Tehran
Introduction: Over a century ago, Élie Metchnikoff brought beneficial lactic acid bacteria (LAB) into the scientific spotlight. He popularized the idea that LAB can prevent diseases and delay aging through the consumption of fermented dairy products. Fermented foods containing psychobiotics are of growing interest among food scientists.The phrase "healthy mind in healthy body" means that physical and mental systems are closely related. In other words, the health status of the body affects the mental status. Recent studies on the microbiota-intestinal-brain axis showed the interaction, correlation and relationship of the gut microbiota with the mental state of the host. Considering the digestive system, the health status of the gut, including the gut microbiota, may change the host's mind, because the gut microbiota It is described as the third organ. Among the indigenous and acquired resident members of the gut microbiota, certain psychoactive bacteria are defined as psychobiotics by Dinan et al. These are probiotics that affect and benefit the mental health of the host. The influence of gut microbiota on the gut-brain axis has been actively studied in microbiology. The association of gut microbiota with unstable mental health or disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, anxiety, depression, stress sensitivity, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease has been widely discussed in the last decade. The gut-brain axis was thought to be bidirectional, from the gut to the brain and from the brain to the gut.
Methods: The gut-brain axis was thought to be bidirectional, from the gut to the brain and from the brain to the gut. Therefore, the gut-gut-brain microbiota axis is a very interesting topic in the study of host microbiome interactions. One of the goals of researchers in this field is to improve the mental health of the host through the adjustment of microbiota or specific microbial supplements, which gives rise to the concept of psychobiotics. Psychobiotics are a special class of probiotics, which deliver mental health benefits to individuals. They differ from conventional probiotics in their ability to produce or stimulate the production of neurotransmitters, short-chain fatty acids, enteroendocrine hormones and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Owing to this potential, psychobiotics have a broad spectrum of applications ranging from mood and stress alleviation to being an adjuvant in therapeutic treatment for various neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative disorders.Within the classification of neurodegenerative diseases, we find at least 100 different pathologies, which present specific symptomatology, with the most prevalent being Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and multiple sclerosis (MS) .
Results: In addition to GABA production and immunomodulatory properties, L. reuteri DSM 17938 has other mechanisms that may contribute to its psychoactive effects.
Conclusion: The gut microbiome is important for healthy brain function, as it is linked to the production of neurotransmitters and hormones that regulate mood and behavior.