Investigating the Importance and function of Silver Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
Investigating the Importance and function of Silver Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus Infections
Mobina Fathi,1,*
1. BA student, Tehran, Azad University
Introduction: One of the most prevalent pathogens in infections, is Staphylococcus aureus. S. aureus is also common in a wide variety of infections, including those that affect the blood, respiratory system, skin, and soft tissues. Chronic and recurrent infections are still caused by major treatment failures. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are extremely small (1-100 nm) metallic silver particles, are one promising antibacterial agent that is emerging as a new therapeutic option against a variety of infections. This study aimed to investigate the Importance and function of Silver Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus Infections.
Methods: This study with the title Investigating the Importance and Function of Silver Nanoparticles against Staphylococcus Aureus Infections has been written from scientific databases such as Science Direct, Springer, Google Scholar, and PubMed.
Results: Silver's inhibitory impact is likely the culmination of several different mechanisms of action. Many studies indicate that silver ions interact with proteins' SH groups and are crucial for the inactivation of bacteria. It has been observed that silver ions at micromolar concentrations decouple oxidative phosphorylation, which inhibits respiratory chain enzymes or alters membrane permeability to protons and phosphate, from respiratory electron transport. Scientists treated bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus with AgNO3 to demonstrate the activity of silver ions on both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. They then examined the impact on cell morphology using combined electron microscopy (TEM and SEM) and X-ray microanalyses. Similar morphological changes in E. coli and S. aureus were observed after exposure to silver ions, including the separation of the cytoplasm membrane from the cell walls and the appearance of an electron-light region in the centre of the cells. This region contained condensed DNA molecules and was likely formed to shield DNA from damage caused by the silver ions. There were also tiny, electron-dense granules that were either deposited inside the cells or around the cell wall. The observed alterations in morphology are supported by the published findings. and that bacteria enter an active but uncultivable stage and eventually perish in the presence of silver ions. Also, given that they discovered that silver ion solution had higher inhibitory activity against E. coli than against S. aureus, they hypothesized that the thickness of the peptidoglycan layer of gram-positive bacteria may partially impede the action of the silver ions.
Conclusion: The current study demonstrates that AgNPs are a unique treatment agent against extracellular and intracellular bacteria. AgNPs were shown to be very potent in eliminating extracellular bacteria with low toxicity towards human cells. AgNPs also exhibited improved antibacterial activity in combination with antibiotics against extracellular bacteria. The results showAgNPs against extracellular bacteria. This is important since some bacteria, such as S. aureus, have the ability to persist intracellularly and may lead to difficult-to-treat chronic and recurrent infections.