Investigating the effect of aqueous extracts of C. sativum, T. polium, Mentha and Z. officinale plants on oral microorganisms in a laboratory environment
Investigating the effect of aqueous extracts of C. sativum, T. polium, Mentha and Z. officinale plants on oral microorganisms in a laboratory environment
Introduction: A large number of medicinal plants are used all over the world as natural resources to treat diseases and maintain human health. These plants have strong medicinal and antibacterial properties due to the natural active compounds in them. One of the common methods of using medicinal plants is extracting water that contains the active compounds found in the plant.
In the human mouth, there are microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi that can cause oral diseases such as gingivitis, tooth decay and bad breath. To control these microorganisms and prevent oral diseases, it is very important to use antibacterials and antifungals.
In this research, the effect of aqueous extracts of Coriandrum sativum, Teucrium polium, Mentha and Zingiber officinale plants on oral microorganisms has been investigated in a laboratory environment. Using aqueous extraction, the active compounds in these plants are evaluated as antibacterial and antifungal in a laboratory environment.
The results of this research can help to better understand the antibacterial and antifungal effects of aqueous extracts of C. sativum, T. polium, Mentha and Z. officinale on oral microorganisms and be a new treatment method to control diseases and maintain oral health.
Methods: Preparation of aqueous extract: in the first step, C. Sativum, T. polium, Mentha and Z. officinale plants were prepared and then the aqueous extract of these plants was prepared. Then, the obtained aqueous extracts were concentrated in a water bath device and in the last step, the obtained extracts were sterilized by UV rays.
Cultivation of microorganisms: After preparing the semi-solid culture medium, under the microbial hood, oral microorganisms were removed from the mouth of the target person by means of a swab and cultured on 24 of the semi-solid culture mediums. No additives were added to 2 of the semi-solid culture media and they remained devoid of microorganisms to be considered as zero group. Then the culture mediums were placed in an incubator at 37°C for two days and nights.
Determining the antibacterial effect of the extracts: In order to determine the antibacterial effect of the aqueous extract of the desired plants, treatment was done on the microbial population of oral microorganisms, for this purpose, five treatments were formed:
First treatment: zero group (culture medium without microorganisms and without any additives)
Second treatment: control group (oral microorganism culture medium without any additives)
The third treatment: extract treatment (aqueous extract of the desired plants in the cultivation environment)
Fourth treatment: ampicillin treatment (ampicillin antibiotic in culture medium)
The fifth treatment: Penicillin treatment (penicillin g benzathine antibiotic in culture medium)
The treatments were evaluated in 24 and 48 hours. In order to minimize the test error, 3 samples were prepared from the second to fifth treatments and 2 samples from the first treatment. The information collected in the experimental design was evaluated in terms of significance.
Results: After keeping the cultures in the incubator for two days, they were examined. Ampicillin antibiotic and C. sativum aqueous extract had more inhibitory properties than other substances. It can be said that the antibiotic ampicillin has almost completely prevented the growth of microorganisms. The aqueous extract of Z. officinale, aqueous extract of Mentha, aqueous extract of T. polium, the combination of the extracts of the four plants, and penicillin G benzathine antibiotic had very little inhibition. Zero group was left without growth of microorganism.
Conclusion: Ampicillin showed the highest inhibitory effect and C. sativum aqueous extract had a slightly lower inhibitory effect, but Mentha aqueous extract, Z. officinale aqueous extract, T. polium aqueous extract, the combination of the extracts of the 4 plants and penicillin G benzathine antibiotic had very little inhibitory effect. It is recommended to use C. sativum extract or its active ingredients in mouthwash and toothpaste. But the use of ampicillin antibiotic can cause problems. Coriander extract is antifungal, antibacterial and a herbal antibiotic and can be used to treat infections and prevent tooth decay.
Keywords: Oral microorganisms, C. sativum, T. polium, Mentha, Z. officinale.