• Investigating the prevalence of coinfection pulmonary fungal in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review
  • Amir Reza Safdarian,1,* Abdolrahman Fasihi Nasab,2 Fatemeh Rozbahani,3 Mohammad Mahjoor,4 Bita Zandi,5
    1. Department of Pathology , Faculty of Medicine , Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz , Iran
    2. Department of Microbiology and Virology , Faculty of Medicine , Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
    3. Department of Microbiology and Virology , Faculty of Medicine , Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran , Iran
    4. Department of Immunology , Faculty of Medicine , Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran
    5. Department of Microbiology , Faculty of Science , Azad Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran , Iran


  • Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most important causes of respiratory diseases. they illustrate that Pulmonary tuberculosis (PMT) is associated with opportunistic pulmonary fungal (PF) infections, which cause significant mortality worldwide. In this study, we investigate the prevalence of coinfection pulmonary fungal in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical review study that, in addition to using online English articles published in Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed databases, as well as Persian Sid, Magiran, and Cilivica in the period of 2018-2023 was reviewed, but our selection criteria were mostly Persian databases. The keywords were used coinfection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and pulmonary fungal infections.
  • Results: According to the study conducted in a certain period of time, the synergy of PMT infection with pulmonary fungal has been greatly expanded since 2018 and led to the occurrence of acute symptoms in patients, but this synergy in the previous years of 2018 was Sporadic. The main factors associated with the coinfection development of PMT and PF infections, which can be mentioned are the Immunodeficiency of people, underlying diseases, the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, the geographical region, and even the disorder in the structure of the lung. Studies have proof that the family of opportunistic fungi such as Aspergillus and Candida are most involved in lung infections, and Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Candida albicans, and Aspergillus niger positive influence respectively.
  • Conclusion: In Pulmonary Tuberculosis, it has been manifest that pulmonary fungal infections are highly common. The most common coinfections are opportunistic fungal species such as Candida and Aspergillus. It causes tissue and systemic damage following the synergism of Fungal pneumonia infections and TB .
  • Keywords: coinfection , pulmonary tuberculosis , and pulmonary fungal infections