• Role of Nutrigenomics in Regulating the Expression of Genes Related to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
  • Fatemeh Rezazade,1 Reza Homayounfar,2 Azam kouhkan,3 shima abbasihormozi,4,*
    1. Department Of Developmental Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Advanced Technologies in Biology, University of Science and Culture, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    2. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of nutrition and food technology
    3. Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
    4. Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran


  • Introduction: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a disorder of blood glucose regulation, and is characterized primarily by a decrease in insulin secretion, typically accompanied by insulin resistance, The pathogenesis of DM is not completely understood, but nutrient-gene interactions at different levels, genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors appear to be involved. The most common treatments for controlling diabetes focus on glucose control as a means to reduce long-term complications.
  • Methods: dietary management has shown to be a cornerstone modality in the attainment of good glycemic control in diabetes, Nutrients and dietary patterns are central issues in the prevention, development and treatment of this disease, and Nutrition/Diet remains a key player in diabetes prevention and management. variety of habits and environmental factors, including foods and natural componds affect the expression of genes involved in glucose transport, insulin secretion, antioxidant effects, inflammation, vascular functions and lipid metabolism.
  • Results: Although it is clear that both nutrients and genes play a distinct role in determining health, the complex interactions among genes, diet, and downstream networks are not well understood, Therefore, it has become necessary to understand how nutrients act at the molecular level which in turn involves a cascade of nutrient-related interactions at the gene, protein and metabolic levels. The promise of nutrigenomics is of personalized nutrition that will lead to optimization or maintenance of good health and/or prevention of the development of chronic diseases. food-derived bioactive compounds significantly influence changes in the genome, epigenome, proteome and metabolome.
  • Conclusion: The aim of the present review was to provide insights of the role of gene variants and nutrient interactions, the importance of nutrients and dietary patterns on coding genes and their functions and how epigenetic changes can alter cellular signaling in response to nutrients and the dietary interventions that may help to management the onset of DM.
  • Keywords: Type 2 diabetes; Insulin Resistance: Nutrients: Dietary patterns: nutrigenomic; Gene-Nutrient Inte