• Combination monoclonal antibodies against CTLA4 and PDL-1 to increase treatment efficiency for colorectal cancer
  • Ali Zarei,1,* Hediye Fahandezh Saadi,2 Abolfazl Khalafi-Nezhad,3
    1. Department of Human Genetics, Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR)-Fars Branch Institute for Human Genetics Research, Shiraz, Iran
    2. Department of Genetics, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
    3. Department of Hematology, Medical Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran


  • Introduction: The immune system is characterized by its capacity to differentiate between normal cells in the body and those it perceives as foreign cells. The immune system has the ability to attack foreign cells while not attacking normal cells due to this. T cells are immune cells and PD-1 is a checkpoint protein that is present on them. The surface of immune cells has a variety of checkpoint proteins. The immune response against cancer cells commences when these proteins are activated or deactivated. Monoclonal antibodies are a type of medicine that can be designed to target these checkpoint proteins. For instance, these receptors are comprised of PD-1, CTLA-4, LAG-3 And the variant that has recently attracted the attention of researchers is called iPD-1. Malignant progression in cancer cells is greatly influenced by the intrinsic variability (iPD-1). Immune checkpoint inhibitors are the name given to these drugs.
  • Methods: Literature Review
  • Results: Targeting the inhibitory checkpoints on immune T cells is a highly effective way to treat cancer. The treatment of solid cancers with single monoclonal antibodies, such as anti-CTLA4-CD 80/CD86, is a challenge due to patients poor response to this therapy. The use of monoclonal antibodies in treating colorectal cancer has been shown to have a positive response rate of approximately 50% in clinical and preclinical studies. According to the findings, the objective response rate for treatment with two monoclonal antibodies PD-1 and CTLA-4 simultaneously is greater than that of those treated with a single monoclonal antibody.
  • Conclusion: The aim of this review is to examine clinical trials that combine both monoclonal antibodies against PD1 and CTL4. Moreover, assess the advantages, disadvantages, and efficiency of this method in comparison to chimeric T cell antigen receptor cancer therapy.
  • Keywords: Monoclonal Antibodies, CTLA4, PDL-1, Colorectal Cancer