• The effect of Inflammation and opportunistic microbiomes on colon cancer
  • Sahar Hemati,1 Mahtab Maleki,2,*
    1. Department of biology, Islamshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
    2. Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch , Islamic Azad University , Tehran , Iran


  • Introduction: The second most common cause of death worldwide Is cancer, and it is widely known that bacteria play a role in a number of diseases, including cancer. It is well recognized that the gut microbiota is crucial to the physiology and overall health of the host. Opportunistic bacteria in the gut microbiota can cause infection, while helpful bacteria produce essential nutrients like vitamin B and K. Dysbiosis, caused by imbalances between these groups, is linked to gastrointestinal conditions like colorectal cancer (CRC) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gut microbiota may also play a role in the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as host reactions to gut bacteria are correlated with specific genes. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a condition characterized by a decrease in microbial diversity, resulting in an increase in pathogenic bacteria and a decrease in helpful bacteria. The microbiota of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is marked by a reduction in bacterial species, a decrease in Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and an increase in Proteobacteria. The compromised mucus layer allows luminal bacteria to enter submucosal layers, triggering proliferative and inflammatory processes. Dysbiosis and a surge in bacteria, such as Bacteroides fragilis, which disrupts the intestinal mucosal barrier, allow more bacteria to pass from the lumen to the interior of the tissue. Due to the chronic tissue inflammation caused by this condition, pro- carcinogenic and inflammatory mediators are released, increasing the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). The innovative approach to treatment of colorectal cancer involves utilizing probiotics and prebiotics to manipulate the gut flora, improving gut barrier function, immune modulation, and colonization resistance. Probiotics and prebiotics can enhance anticancer therapies by altering gut microbiota metabolism. To effectively treat colon cancer, new bacterial species should be developed as probiotic supplements based on each patient's unique genetic background.
  • Methods: We used keywords like intestinal microbiome, colorectal cancer, immune system and microbiota interaction, and probiotics to search the databases of Google Scholar, PubMed, Nature, and Scopus in order to write this review article. 57 English- language articles were selected among the many articles obtained according to the content, quality, and credibility of the magazine. The selected articles were divided into three groups.The microbiome and its affecting variables were Introduced in the first set of articles. The second set of articles addressed therapeutic approaches as well as the connection between human diseases and the microbiome. The effects of probiotics were discussed in the third set of publications.
  • Results: The vast population of bacteria that make up the gut microbiota is frequently referred to as "a forgotten argan" in relation to human health and illnesses. There is growing evidence linking colorectal cancer (CRC) to dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. It is getting more and more obvious what functions gut microbes played in both starting and facilitating the colorectal cancer (CRC) process. A variety of hypothesis models have been put forth to illustrate the intricate connection between gut microbiota and colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer (CRC) prevention strategies utilize various tactics, including prebiotics and probiotics, to manipulate gut microbiota, aiming to reverse microbial dysbiosis and improve overall health.
  • Conclusion: Colorectal cancer (CRC) onset and gut microbiota dysbiosis are strongly correlated, as we have highlighted. Colorectal cancer (CRC) is made more likely by certain bacteria that can induce intestinal inflammation. Contrarily, several bacteria have the ability to create substances that improve the Intestinal mucosal barrier's ability to prevent the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). One of the most promising new approaches in medicine to enhance people's health is microbiome regulation. Thus, further studies and clinical trials pertaining to the gut microbiome It is necessary to assess the effectiveness of systemic treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC), reduce side effects, and raise survival rates in both oncology and colorectal cancer (CRC) patient care.
  • Keywords: Gut microbiota, dysbiosis, colorectal cancer (CRC), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), probiotic, pre