Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a kind of the diabetes which is occurred during pregnancy due to the glucose intolerance, medicated by hormones of the placenta and consequently disturbed absorption of glucose. The main risk factors for GDM include obesity, past diabetes, maternal age, polycystic ovary syndrome, multiple pregnancies, genetics, smoking, and family history. Changes in the gut microbiota cause inflammation and play a significant role in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. It is believed that by modifying the gut microbiota, many disorders might be enhanced and general host health could be improved. In this way, a probiotic supplement can help manage dysbiosis, in which the microbiome composition changes abnormally.
Methods: A PubMed search was conducted using the terms " Akkermansia muciniphila," " Gestational diabetes mellitus," and "Microbiota". Only English articles published within the last five years were included.
Results: ability to degrade mucin makes Akkermansia muciniphila an effective immune system and metabolic enhancer for the host. In addition, through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly propionate and acetate, it can regulate metabolic functions, immune responses, and intestinal barrier function. Researchers have discovered that A. muciniphila is a promising organism for probiotic use in pregnant women, although further studies are needed to develop.
Conclusion: While several studies on the composition of the gut microbiota in women with GDM have been performed, results remain conflicting. Research nature, geographic locations, total sample size, participant enrollment restrictions, gestational age, stool sample collection, and sequencing methods were variable and leading to inconsistent results. Finding the best probiotic or prebiotic treatment candidates is very important from a therapeutic point of view. Therefore, it is critical to understand disease pathogenesis and host factors that influence the efficacy of probiotics and prebiotics, as well as individual responses to probiotic and prebiotic treatments.
Keywords: Gut microbiota; Akkermansia muciniphila; Gestational diabetes mellites (GDM)