مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Intrinsic cells against retinal degeneration: the explosion of science
Intrinsic cells against retinal degeneration: the explosion of science
Atefeh Kamran,1Ali Rezaeian,2Zahra Amirkhani,3,*
1. Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran. 2. Medical Student, Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran. 3. Assistant Professor, Student Research Committee, Larestan University of Medical Sciences, Larestan, Iran.
Introduction: Retinal degeneration is a retinopathy that involves the deterioration of the retina caused by the gradual death of its cells. Retinal degeneration is one of the main causes of vision loss. Conventional treatments for retinal diseases slow the progression of diseases; however, the long-term benefit of these treatments is achieved by repairing and regenerating damaged retinal tissue. Moreover, since the retina does not have inherent regenerative properties, then they seek treatment by stem cells to repair and regenerate the damaged retina. Stem cell therapy has been extensively investigated for the repair and regeneration of damaged retinal cells. Several types of stem cells have been tested in preclinical and clinical trials to understand their effectiveness in reversing retinal degeneration. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown that stem cell transplantation and factors derived from stem cells produce clinically measurable improvement. In addition to the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR), stem cell therapy was used to treat genetic diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and stargardt's disease, characterized by the gradual loss of photoreceptor cells in the retina. Retinal pigment epithelial cell transplantation (RPE) derived from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have shown promising results in improving retinal function in various preclinical models of retinal degeneration and clinical studies without any severe side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used to treat optic neuropathy, RP, DR, and glaucoma with positive clinical results. The aim of this study was to evaluate intrinsic cells against retinal degeneration.
Methods: In this study,15 articles published from 2018 to 2022, which were in the form of quantitative studies, original research and systematic review were examined. Entry criteria included: Availability of full text and articles published between 2018 and 2022, and exit criteria included: Case Report studies. The study used the keywords Retinal degeneration, Retinal Pigment Epithelial cells (RPE), Mesenchymal Stem cells (MSCs), Embryonic Stem cells (ESCs), Induced Pluripotent Stem cells (iPSCs).
Results: Given the positive results from several preclinical and clinical studies, despite other proposed methods, stem cell therapy remains an excellent option for treating retinal degeneration. However, there is a lack of consensus on the route of administration, the method of evaluating the result, the source of stem cells, and the long-term effect of stem cell transplantation. But on the other hand, it should be noted that donor-based changes in the function of iPSC-derived RPE cells were observed, which should be considered before transplantation. Age-related and niche-based variations in MSCs performance are well documented and should be addressed when using them for clinical use. Thus, cell banks with modified or unmodified stem cells that have been tested to achieve the best clinical outcome can be created to overcome donor-based and culture-based heterogeneity. In addition, standard cultivation conditions must be established for Stem Cell expansion to avoid changes caused by cultivation and aging conditions in the laboratory. Although RPE cells, RPCs derived from hESCs, iPSCs but not non-distinct cells were injected during treatment, there is a possibility of tumor formation from the remaining non-distinct cells. To date, data on the long-term immunity of cells derived from hESCs and iPSCs is not available in terms of post-transplant teratoma formation; therefore, MSCs and their derivatives may be more suitable candidates for treating retinal degeneration.
Conclusion: In the future, it is expected that efforts aimed at the practical application of stem cells to AMD will also contribute to various related fields. The superiority of retinal regenerative medicine, that is, the reasonable manufacturing cost due to the small number of cells used, the established surgical equipment and techniques, and the highly accurate diagnostic imaging equipment that enables in vivo direct observation is maximized. Retinal regenerative medicine using stem cells is expected to make steady progress toward practical use while new technologies are incorporated from various fields, thereby making the role of ophthalmologists in this field increasingly important. This is a hopeful area and a bright and remarkable future, and we hope to find new ways to expand and develop treatment. To better days.