مقالات پذیرفته شده در هشتمین کنگره بین المللی زیست پزشکی
Promising Roles of MicroRNA in Cncer Therapy
Promising Roles of MicroRNA in Cncer Therapy
Mehrdad Ostadpoor,1,*Majid Gholami-Ahangaran,2
1. Graduated of Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran 2. Associate Professor, Group of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
Introduction: Cancer is one of the most common diseases affecting millions of people worldwide every year, representing the second leading cause of mortality after cardiovascular disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small single-stranded RNA molecules involved in regulating the expression of many genes preserved in evolution. In humans, a miRNA molecule is most often 22 nucleotides long. The use of miRNA in diagnostics has significantly expanded due to the discovery of their presence in other body fluids, such as urine, blood, bronchial lavage, synovial fluid, milk, saliva and cerebrospinal fluid. miRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis and function as tumorigenic or tumor suppressors by regulating the levels of oncogenes or antioncogenes.
Methods: In the current study, keywords including Cancer, MicroRNA, and Treatment were reviewed from the list of Mesh and other credible websites including PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, and the data was organized. The searches comprised all published papers from 2013 to 2023. All of the full text was considered, and the papers manifested as only abstract were excluded. The full papers selected focused on the specific roles of miRNAs in cancer therapy only. A total of 50 papers were selected and studied in this review.
Results: Articles showed in colorectal cancer, the miRNA synthetic let-7 contributed to an increase in apoptosis of cancer cells. Also, Simultaneous overexpression of the let-7 and miR-34a molecules inhibit the progression of lung cancer. Numerous studies concluded that miR-34 family plays a critical role in the suppression of tumor development. In some study, ectopic expression of miR-217 significantly reduced tumor growth in a pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma xenograft model. Some articles showed the therapeutic potential of exosome miRNAs on immune escape in neuroblastoma. These studies concluded that natural killer cell-derived exosomes or nanoparticles can be used to deliver and restore miR-186 levels and, thus, reduce tumor size, restoring natural killer-mediated cytotoxicity. Studies showed that miR-200 family inhibits migration and invasion of breast cancer cells by degrading mRNA of multiple proteins including moesin (cytoskeleton-associated protein), extracellular matrix protein fibronectin 1, actin-regulatory proteins-formin homology 2 domain containing 1 and protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn 2+ dependent, 1F which inhibit migration and invasion through regulation of stress fiber formation. Numerous studies approved that miR-35b, miR-145, miR-205, mir-200 family inhibit cancers by regulating oncogenes and/or genes that control cell differentiation or apoptosis. Their targets are oncogenes in cell differentiation, cancer invasion, apoptosis, proliferation, and metastasis.
Conclusion: Numerous miRNAs are currently in clinical trials as biomarkers for cancer classification and progression and as prognostic tools. Moreover, in a variety of studies miRNAs are suggested as promising diagnostic markers for the early detection of distinct cancer type. Monitoring the changes in the expression profiles of chosen miRNAs could help in early identification of cancer cells and serve as a prediction factor of the disease or treatment.